Performance Investigation of Isolated Wind–Diesel Hybrid Power Systems with WECS Having PMIG

Performance Investigation of Isolated Wind–Diesel Hybrid Power Systems with WECS Having PMIG

ABSTRACT:

This paper presents the automatic reactive power control of isolated wind–diesel hybrid power systems having a permanent-magnet induction generator for a wind energy conversion system and a synchronous generator for a diesel generator set. To minimize the gap between reactive power generation and demand, a variable source of reactive power is used such as a static synchronous compensator. The mathematical model of the system used for simulation is based on small-signal analysis. Three examples of the wind–diesel hybrid power system are considered with different wind power generation capacities to study the effect of the wind power generation on the system performance. This paper also shows the dynamic performance of the hybrid system with and without change in input wind power plus 1% step increase in reactive power load.

KEYWORDS:

1.      Permanent-magnet induction generator (IG) (PMIG)

2.       Static synchronous compensator (STATCOM)

3.       Synchronous generator (SG)

4.       Wind–diesel hybrid system

SOFTWARE: MATLAB/SIMULINK

 BLOCK DIAGRAM:

 Fig 1.Single line diagram of an isolated wind–diesel hybrid power system.

CONCLUSION:

Reactive power control of isolated wind–diesel hybrid power systems has been investigated when WECS uses PMIG for power generation. The WECSs are interconnected to diesel generation-based grid for the enhancement of capacity and fuel saving. The system also comprises STATCOM for reactive power support during steady-state and transient conditions. A mathematical model of the system has been derived for investigating the dynamic performance of the system. For comparison of performance with the existing systems, WECS has also been considered with IG for power generation. Three examples of wind–diesel systems with different wind power generation capacities have been considered for study. It has been observed that the STATCOM effectively stabilizes the oscillations in less than 0.01 s, caused by disturbances in reactive power load and in input wind power. As steady-state condition is reached, the STATCOM provides the additional reactive power required by the system. It has also been observed that, as the unit size of the wind-power generation decreases, the value of the optimum gain setting increases. The W-D systems with PMIG have the added advantage of reduction in the size of the STATCOM but have comparable transient performance when W-D system uses IG for power generation. The PMIG also has higher efficiency than the IG. Therefore, PMIGs are very good options for W-D systems than IG.

REFERENCES:

 [1] J. K. Kaldellis, Stand-Alone and Hybrid Wind Energy Systems: Technology, Energy Storage and Applications. Cambridge, U.K.: Wood head Publ. Ltd., 2011.

[2] R. Hunter and G. Elliot, Wind–Diesel Systems, A Guide to the Technology and Its Implementation. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1994.

[3] H. Nacfaire, Wind–Diesel and Wind Autonomous Energy Systems. London, U.K.: Elsevier Appl. Sci., 1989.

[4] T. K. Saha and D. Kastha, “Design optimization and dynamic performance analysis of a standalone hybrid wind diesel electrical power generation system,” IEEE Trans. Energy Convers., vol. 25, no. 4, pp. 1209–1217, Dec. 2010.

[5] R. Pena, R. Cardenas, J. Proboste, J. Clare, and G. Asher, “Wind–diesel generation using doubly fed induction machines,” IEEE Trans. Energy Convers., vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 202–214, Mar. 2008.

Reactive Power Control of Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Wind Generator with Matrix Converter

Reactive Power Control of Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Wind Generator with Matrix Converter

ABSTRACT:

In this paper, the reactive power control of a variable speed permanent-magnet synchronous wind generator with a matrix converter at the grid side is improved. A generalized modulation technique based on singular value decomposition of the modulation matrix is used to model different modulation techniques and investigate their corresponding input reactive power capability. Based on this modulation technique, a new control method is proposed for the matrix converter which uses active and reactive parts of the generator current to increase the control capability of the grid-side reactive current compared to conventional modulation methods. A new control structure is also proposed which can control the matrix converter and generator reactive current to improve the grid-side maximum achievable reactive power for all wind speeds and power conditions. Simulation results prove the performance of the proposed system for different generator output powers.

KEYWORDS:

1.      Matrix converter

2.       Permanent-magnet synchronous generator (PMSG)

3.       Reactive power control

4.       Singular value decomposition (SVD) modulation

5.       Variable-speed wind generator

SOFTWARE: MATLAB/SIMULINK

BLOCK DIAGRAM:

Fig.1. Simplified control block diagram of a PMSG.

CONCLUSION:

In this paper, a new control strategy is proposed to increase the maximum achievable grid-side reactive power of a matrix converter-fed PMS wind generator. Different methods for controlling a matrix converter input reactive power are investigated. It is shown that in some modulation methods, the grid-side reactive current is made from the reactive part of the generator-side current. In other modulation techniques, the grid-side reactive current is made from the active part of the generator-side current. In the proposed method, which is based on a generalized SVD modulation method, the grid-side reactive current is made from both active and reactive parts of the generator-side current. In existing strategies, a decrease in the generator speed and output active and reactive power, will decrease the grid-side reactive power capability. A new control structure is proposed which uses the free capacity of the generator reactive power to increase the maximum achievable grid-side reactive power. Simulation results for a case study show an increase in the grid side reactive power at all wind speeds if the proposed method is employed.

REFERENCES:

 [1] P. W.Wheeler, J. Rodríguez, J. C. Clare, L. Empringham, and A.Weinstein, “Matrix converters: A technology review,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 49, no. 2, pp. 276–288, Apr. 2002.

[2] L. Zhang, C. Watthanasarn, and W. Shepherd, “Application of a matrix converter for the power control of a variable-speed wind-turbine driving a doubly-fed induction generator,” Proc. IEEE IECON, vol. 2, pp. 906–911, Nov. 1997.

[3] L. Zhang and C.Watthanasarn, “A matrix converter excited doubly-fed induction machine as a wind power generator,” in Proc. Inst. Eng. Technol. Power Electron. Variable Speed Drives Conf., Sep. 21–23, 1998, pp. 532–537.

[4] R. CárdenasI, R. Penal, P. Wheeler, J. Clare, and R. Blasco-Gimenez, “Control of a grid-connected variable speed wecs based on an induction generator fed by a matrix converter,” Proc. Inst. Eng. Technol. PEMD, pp. 55–59, 2008.

[5] S. M. Barakati, M. Kazerani, S. Member, and X. Chen, “A new wind turbine generation system based on matrix converter,” in Proc. IEEE Power Eng. Soc. Gen. Meeting, Jun. 12–16, 2005, vol. 3, pp. 2083–2089.

Control Of Parallel Multiple Converters For Direct-Drive Permanent-Magnet Wind Power Generation Systems

Control Of Parallel Multiple Converters For Direct-Drive Permanent-Magnet Wind Power Generation Systems

ABSTRACT:

This paper proposes control strategies for mega watt level direct-drive wind generation systems based on permanent magnet synchronous generators. In the paper, a circulating current model is derived and analyzed. The parallel-operation controllers are designed to restrain reactive power circulation and beat frequency circulation currents caused by discontinuous space vector modulation. The control schemes do not change the configurations of the system consisting of parallel multiple converters. They are easy to implement for modular designs and large impedance required to equalize the current sharing is not needed. To increase the system reliability, a robust adaptive sliding observer is designed to sense the rotor position of the wind power generator. The experimental results proved the effectiveness of the control strategies.

KEYWORDS:

1.      Circulation currents

2.       Parallel multiple converters

3.       Permanent magnet synchronous generators (PMSGs)

4.      Wind power

SOFTWARE: MATLAB/SIMULINK

BLOCK DIAGRAM:

Fig.1. High-Power Direct-Drive PMSG Wind Generator System Connected To The Power Grid.

CONCLUSION:

This paper has comprehensively addressed the control issues of parallel three-phase PWM converters for the permanent magnet wind power generation systems. The major accomplishments and some conclusions are summarized in the following.

1) A peak current model of zero-sequence currents has been derived and analyzed for the three-phase PWM converters in parallel connection.

2) A zero-sequence current control scheme has been adapted to reject the zero-sequence current inside an individual converter.

3) An adaptive observer has been integrated with parallel operation control experimentally. The performance of position sensorless control of the generator has been greatly enhanced and the reliability has been increased.

4) Zero-sequence currents have been successfully suppressed for the back-to-back converters with parallel connection. Large impedance needed to equalize the current sharing has been removed.

5) Experimental verification of the control of the three-phase PWM converters in parallel confirms the good performance and promising features of the proposed directly driven permanent magnet synchronous power generation system.

REFERENCES:

[1] T. Kawabata And S. Higashino, “Parallel Operation Of Voltage Source Inverters,” Ieee Trans. Ind. Appl., Vol. 24, No. 2, Pp. 281–287, Mar./Apr. 1988.

[2] J. Holtz, W. Lotzkat, And K. H. Werner, “A High-Power Multi-Transistorinverter Uninterruptable Power Supply System,” Ieee Trans. Power Electron., Vol. 3, No. 3, Pp. 278–285, Jul. 1988.

[3] L. H.Walker, “10mwgto Converter For Battery Peaking Service,” Ieee Trans. Ind. Appl., Vol. 26, No. 1, Pp. 63–72, Jan./Feb. 1990.

[4] S. Fukuda And K. Matsushita, “A Control Method For Parallel-Connected Multiple Inverter Systems,” Presented At The 7th Int. Conf. Power Electron. Variable Speed Drives, London, U.K., 1998.

[5] X. Kun, F. C. Lee, D. Boroyevich, Y. Zhihong, And S. Mazumder, “Interleaved Pwm With Discontinuous Space-Vector Modulation,” Ieee Trans. Power Electron., Vol. 14, No. 5, Pp. 906–917, Sep. 1999.

A Novel Online Fuzzy Control Method of Static VAR Compensation for an Effective Reactive Power Control of Transmission Lines

A Novel Online Fuzzy Control Method of Static VAR Compensation for an Effective Reactive Power Control of Transmission Lines

ABSTRACT:

The Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) technology is a promising technology to achieve complete deregulation of Power System i.e. Generation, Transmission and Distribution as the complete individual units. FACTS is based on power electronic devices, used to enhance the existing transmission capabilities in order to make the transmission system flexible and independent in operation. The loading capability of transmission system can also be enhanced nearer to its thermal limit without affecting the stability. Complete closed-loop smooth control of reactive power can be achieved using shunt connected FACTS devices. Static VAR Compensator (SVC) is one of the shunt connected FACTS devices, which can be utilized for the purpose of reactive power compensation. As the Intelligent FACTS devices make them adaptable, it is emerging as the present state of the art technology. This paper presents the design and simulation of the Fuzzy logic control to vary firing angle of SVC in order to achieve better, smooth and adaptive control of reactive power in transmission systems. The design, modeling and simulations are carried out for the λ/8 Transmission line by placing the compensation at the receiving end (load end) and the results obtained demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed method.

KEYWORDS:

1.      Fuzzy Logic

2.       FACTS and SVC

SOFTWARE: MATLAB/SIMULINK

BLOCK DIAGRAM:

      

Fig. 1.Structure of fuzzy logic controller..

Fig.2. Single Phase equivalent circuit and fuzzy logic control structure of SVC.

 CONCLUSION:

This paper presents an “online Fuzzy control scheme for SVC” and it can be concluded that the use of fuzzy controlled SVC (FC-TCR) compensating device with the firing angle control is continuous, effective and it is a simplest way of controlling the reactive power of transmission line. It is observed that  SVC device was able to compensate both over and under voltages. Compensated voltages are shown in Fig. 17 and Fig. 18. The use of fuzzy logic has facilitated the closed loop control of system, by designing a set of rules, which decides the firing angle given to SVC to attain the required voltage. With MATLAB simulations [4] [5] and actual testing it is observed that SVC (FC-TCR) provides an effective reactive power control irrespective of the load variations.

REFERENCES:

1.     Narain. G. Hingorani, “Understanding FACTS, Concepts and Technology Of flexible AC Transmission Systems”, by IEEE Press USA.

2.     Bart Kosko, “Neural Networks and Fuzzy Systems A Dynamical Systems Approach to Machine Intelligence”, Prentice-Hall of India New Delhi, June 1994.

3.     Timothy J Ross, “Fuzzy Logic with Engineering Applications”, McGraw-Hill, Inc, New York, 1997.

4.     Laboratory Manual for Transmission line and fuzzy Trainer Kit Of Electrical  Engineering Department NIT Warangal.

5.   SIM Power System User Guide Version 4 MATLAB Manual

Multi converter Unified Power-Quality Conditioning System: MC-UPQC

Multi converter Unified Power-Quality Conditioning System: MC-UPQC

ABSTRACT:

This paper presents a new unified power-quality conditioning system (MC-UPQC), capable of simultaneous compensation for voltage and current in multi bus/multi feeder systems. In this configuration, one shunt voltage-source converter (shunt VSC) and two or more series VSCs exist. The system can be applied to adjacent feeders to compensate for supply-voltage and load current imperfections on the main feeder and full compensation of supply voltage imperfections on the other feeders. In the proposed configuration, all converters are connected back to back on the dc side and share a common dc-link capacitor. Therefore, power can be transferred from one feeder to adjacent feeders to compensate for sag/swell and interruption. The performance of the MC-UPQC as well as the adopted control algorithm is illustrated by simulation. The results obtained in PSCAD/EMTDC on a two-bus/two-feeder system show the effectiveness of the proposed configuration.

KEYWORDS:

1.      Power quality (PQ)

2.       PSCAD/EMTDC

3.       Unified power-quality conditioner (UPQC)

4.       voltage-source converter (VSC)

SOFTWARE: MATLAB/SIMULINK

BLOCK DIAGRAM:

Fig.1. Typical MC-UPQC used in a distribution system.

Fig.2. Control block diagram of the shunt VSC.

Fig.3. Control block diagram of the series VSC.

CONCLUSION:

In this paper, a new configuration for simultaneous compensation of voltage and current in adjacent feeders has been proposed. The new configuration is named multi converter unified power-quality conditioner (MC-UPQC). Compared to a conventional UPQC, the proposed topology is capable of fully protecting critical and sensitive loads against distortions, sags/swell, and interruption in two-feeder systems. The idea can be theoretically extended to multi bus/multi feeder systems by adding more series VSCs. The performance of the MC-UPQC is evaluated under various disturbance conditions and it is shown that the proposed MC-UPQC offers the following advantages:

1) power transfer between two adjacent feeders for sag/swell and interruption compensation;

2) compensation for interruptions without the need for a battery storage system and, consequently, without storage capacity limitation;

3) sharing power compensation capabilities between two adjacent feeders which are not connected.

REFERENCES:

 [1] D. D. Sabin and A. Sundaram, “Quality enhances reliability,” IEEE Spectr., vol. 33, no. 2, pp. 34–41, Feb. 1996.

[2] M. Rastogi, R. Naik, and N. Mohan, “A comparative evaluation of harmonic reduction techniques in three-phase utility interface of power electronic loads,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., vol. 30, no. 5, pp. 1149–1155, Sep./Oct. 1994.

[3] F. Z. Peng, “Application issues of active power filters,” IEEE Ind. Appl. Mag., vol. 4, no. 5, pp. 21–30, Sep../Oct. 1998.

[4] H. Akagi, “New trends in active filters for power conditioning,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., vol. 32, no. 6, pp. 1312–1322, Nov./Dec. 1996.

[5] L. Gyugyi, C. D. Schauder, S. L. Williams, T. R. Rietman, D. R. Torjerson, and A. Edris, “The unified power flow controller: A new approach to power transmission control,” IEEE Trans. Power Del., vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 1085–1097, Apr. 1995.