Improved Dynamic Performance of Shunt Active Power Filter Using Particle Swarm Optimization

Improved Dynamic Performance of Shunt Active Power Filter Using Particle Swarm Optimization

ABSTRACT

In this paper, a novel particle swarm optimization (PSO) technique is proposed to tune the proportional-integral (PI) controller gain parameters for enhancing the dynamic performance of the shunt active power filter (APF). The shunt APFs are well established filter to compensate current harmonics, reactive power to maintain the power factor unity. The compensation is highly influenced by the DC-link voltage regulation. The calculated PI controller gain parameters conventionally, are giving satisfactory results under steady state condition of the load. However, tuning of the PI controller parameters under fast changing loads are very difficult. To improve the dynamic performance of the system and optimize the gain parameters of the PI controller, a PSO technique is proposed. The modified p-q theory uses a composite observer filter to extract fundamental component of voltage from the distorted supply voltage for the further process of calculating reference current. A complete comparison of conventional and PSO based PI controller gain tuning have been simulated using MATLAB® Simulink software under different supply voltage and load condition of the system. The results show that the dynamic response is improved with PSO based PI tuning compared to conventional PI tuning.

KEYWORDS

1.      Shunt Active power filters (SAPF)

2.       PI controller

3.       Particle swarm optimization (PSO)

SOFTWARE: MATLAB/SIMULINK

BLOCK  DIAGRAM:

Fig. 1 Optimal design of PI controller gain values using PSO

EXPECTED SIMULATION RESULTS

Fig. 2. Performance of modified p-q control technique under available supply voltage

Fig. 3 FFT analysis of phase a source current under distorted supply voltage

Fig. 4 Simulation results under distorted supply voltage with RC-load

Fig. 5 Harmonic spectrum of phase-a source current after Compensation

Fig. 6 Simulation dynamic performance of the shunt APF

Fig.7 Tuning of PI controller: (a) conventional PI method (b) using PSO technique

CONCLUSION

The performance of the proposed PSO based modified p-q theory has been designed for different types of loads and supply voltage conditions. The modified composite observer filter is an extracted fundamental frequency component of voltage from distorted supply without phase delay which further processed in the calculation of the reference current. The comparison of conventional PI tuning and PSO based tuning is tested for dynamic condition of the load. The proposed control scheme is modelled in MATLAB simulink environment. The simulation results show that the PSO based tuning provide less overshoot, ripples in the DC-link voltage and lesser settling time as compared to convention PI tuning.

 REFERENCES:

[1]   S.S. Adamu, H. S. Muhammad and D.S. Shuaibu, “Harmonics Assessment and Mitigation in Medical Diagnosis Equipment”, IEEE international conference on Awerness Science and Technology (iCAST), pp. 70-75, 2014.

[2]   H. Akagi, “Active harmonic filters,” Proc. IEEE, Vol. 93, no.12, pp.2128-2141, pp.2128-2141, 2005.

[3]   M. H. Bollen, Understanding Power Quality Problems: Voltage Sags and Interruptions, John Wiley & Sons, 1999.

[4]   H. Akagi, E. H. Watanabe, and M. Aredes, Instantaneous Power Theory and Applications to Power Conditioning, Piscataway, NJ: IEEE Press, 2007.

[5]   N. Gupta, S. P. Singh and S. P. Dubey “Neural network based shunt active filter for harmonic and reactive power compensation under non-ideal mains voltage,” In proc. of IEEE Industrial Electronics and Applications (ICIEA), Taiwan, pp. 370-375, 2010.

An Improved Current-Limiting Strategy for Shunt Active Power Filter (SAPF) Using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO)

An Improved Current-Limiting Strategy for Shunt

Active Power Filter (SAPF) Using Particle Swarm

Optimization (PSO)

ABSTRACT:

The current-limiting strategy for shunt active power filter (SAPF) will be activated automatically, when the compensation-capacity need exceeds the rated capacity. However, the traditional current-limiting strategy cannot realize the comprehensive protection with optimum objectives. The paper firstly reveals the essential of the current-limiting demands for the comprehensive protection of SAPF, namely the limiting control objects: 1) the root mean square (RMS) of the compensation current (mainly for the overheat protection of the IGBT and inductor); 2) the instantaneous wave of compensation current (mainly for the accurate current control and IGBT Icnom specification) and 3) the instantaneous wave of PWM-VSC modulation voltage (for the need of liner close-loop control). Secondly, the paper proposes an improved current-limiting scheme based on particle swarm optimization (PSO) to achieve the two optimization targets: 1) the minimization THD for the grid-side current; 2) the maximization utilization ratio for the capacity of the SAPF. The main advantage lies on the optimum limiting ratios of each harmonic order are calculated in real time respectively to achieve the flexible and liner limiting control. Finally, simulation and experiment verify the effectiveness of the proposed strategy.

KEYWORDS:

1.      Shunt active power filter

2.      Current-limiting demands

3.      Current-limiting strategy

4.      Particle swarm optimization

SOFTWARE:MATLAB/SIMULINK

BLOCK DIAGRAM:

Figure. 1. System mechanism diagram of SAPF.

  

   

EXPECTED SIMULATION RESULTS:

1)      Traditional current-limiting control

Figure. 5. Simulation results of traditional current-limiting strategy.

(a): Modulation voltage without current limitation, (c)(e):Load current and

spectrum analysis, (b): Modulation voltage with traditional current limitation,

(d)(f):Grid-side current Is, output compensation current Ic and spectrum

analysis of Is.

  

2) Optimal current-limiting control using PSO

Figure. 6. Simulation results of the proposed current-limiting strategy.

(a)(c)(e)(g): Simulation waves with the optimum-capacity control strategy,

(b)(d)(f)(h): Simulation waves under the optimum-THD control strategy.

CONCLUSION:

An improved current-limiting strategy based on PSO is proposed to optimize the utilization rate of SAPF or the THD of grid-side current. This strategy takes advantages of the two traditional methods: equal-proportion current-limiting control and truncated current-limiting control. Simulation results prove: the proposed current-limiting scheme can reduce the THD of grid-side current and improve the utilization rate of SAPF effectively, and no extra undesired harmonic will be injected into the power system. Future work will focus on further experiment validation for the effectiveness of the proposed method, especially dynamic performance.

REFERENCES:

[1] Sheng Xu, “An Improved Current-limiting Control Strategy for Shunt Active Power Filter,” in IEEE 8th International Power Electronics and Motion ControlConference, 2016, pp. 1306-1311.

[2] S. J. Chiang and J. M. Chang, “Design and implementation of the parallelable active power filter,” in Annual IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference, 1999, pp. 406-411.

[3] P. Mattavelli and F. P. Marafao, “Repetitive-based control for selective harmonic compensation in active power filter,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 51, no. 5, pp. 1018-1024, Oct. 2004.

[4] Y.Tang, P.C.Loh, P.Wang, F.H.Choo, F.Gao, and F.Blaabjerg, “Generalized design of high performance shunt active power filter with output LCL filter,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 59, no. 3, pp. 1443-1452, Mar. 2012.

[5] L. Asiminoaei, C. Lascu, F. Blaabjerg and I. Boldea, “Performance Improvement of Shunt Active Power Filter With Dual Parallel Topology,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 247-259, Jan. 2007.

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Ensuring Power Quality and Stability in Industrial and Medium Voltage Public Grids

ABSTRACT:

Until recently, most of the power system equipment in industrial grids has been operating with deviations from the nominal voltage and frequency supplied by the utility. However, power electronics based equipment is vulnerable to such deviations and might get damaged in case of possible grid faults. This paper addresses this issue by proposing a stabilizing device that can be connected between the public grid and the industrial grid which provides not only power quality and security of supply during fault for the industrial grid but also ensuring the power quality for the public grid.

KEYWORDS:

1.      Public grid

2.      Industrial grid

3.      Power quality

4.      Security of supply

5.       Grid stability

SOFTWARE:MATLAB/SIMULINK

 BLOCK DIAGRAM:

Fig. 1. Device representation

 EXPECTED SIMULATION RESULTS:

Fig. 2. Harmonic current injection and compensation

Fig. 3. Individual harmonic distortion voltage for different Sk

’’

Fig. 4. THDu for different Sk’’

Fig. 5. Voltage behavior during load switching with and without Netz-Patron unit

Fig. 6. Voltage behavior during motor starting with and without Netz-Patron unit

Fig. 7. Voltage behavior during three phase fault with and without Netz-Patron unit

CONCLUSION:

The paper presents the different functionalities of the Netz-Patron unit that is designed to provide different support functionalities like harmonic compensation and voltage support in case of disturbed grid operation. In order to analyze the effectiveness of the Netz-Patron unit, a simulation model has been developed within the DIgSILENT PowerFactory software environment. The different scenarios and their simulation results are shown in this paper and the behavior of different functionalities has been analyzed. A brief summary of the main findings is given in the following. A 900 kVA active filter has been considered to provide harmonic compensation from the AC/DC converter for Sk ’’ greater than 50 MVA.

In this paper, the study has been carried out by considering a class 2 type of load with injected harmonics of 10 minutes average value (long term). The harmonic values considered for the study are not measured values, but typical values observed in practice. Real laboratory tests are planned to be performed to check the harmonics injected by th

load before designing the Netz-Patron unit to provide harmonic compensation. The effectiveness of the voltage support function provided by the Netz-Patron unit in case of any disturbance registered at the PCC has also been analyzed in this paper.

Future work is planned to focus on a multimaster      concept which implies the analysis of the parallel operation of several Netz-Patron units connected at the PCC of different industrial grids or same industrial grid in the medium voltage network.

REFERENCES:

[1] EPRI PEAC Corporation, "C. E. Commission:, Power Quality Solutions for Industrial Customers," August 2000.

[2] R.C.Dugan, M.F.McGranaghan, S.Santoso and H.W.Beaty, Electrical Power Systems Quality, second edition, McGraw- Hill, 2004.

[3] W. Reid, "Power Quality Issues - Standards and Guidelines," in IEEE Transactions of Industry Applications Vol.32,No.3, 1996.

[4] DIN EN 61000-2-4: Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) Part 2-4: Environment – Compatibility levels in industrial plants for low-frequency conducted disturbances, VDEVerlag GmbH, 2002-06.

[5] DIN EN 61000-4-11: Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) Part 4-11: Environment – Testing and measurement techniques – Voltage dips, short interruptions and voltage variations immunity tests for equipment with input current less than 16 A per phase, February 2005.

MPPT Schemes for PV System under Normal and Partial Shading Condition: A Review

ABSTRACT:

The photovoltaic system is one of the renewable energy device, which directly converts solar radiation into electricity. The I-V characteristics of PV system are nonlinear in nature and under variable Irradiance and temperature, PV system has a single operating point where the power output is maximum, known as Maximum Power Point (MPP) and the point varies on changes in atmospheric conditions and electrical load. Maximum Power Point Tracker (MPPT) is used to track MPP of solar PV system for maximum efficiency operation. The various MPPT techniques together with implementation are reported in literature. In order to choose the best technique based upon the requirements, comprehensive and comparative study should be available. The aim of this paper is to present a comprehensive review of various MPPT techniques for uniform insolation and partial shading conditions. Furthermore, the comparison of practically accepted and widely used techniques has been made based on features, such as control strategy, type of circuitry, number of control variables and cost. This review work provides a quick analysis and design help for PV systems.

KEYWORDS:

1.      Renewable Energy System 2.       Solar Photovoltaic 3.       Solar Power Conversion 4.       Maximum Power Point Tracking 5.       Partial Shading 6.      Global MPPT

SOFTWARE:MATLAB/SIMULINK

BLOCK DIAGRAM:

 Fig. 1 Current feedback methodology for MPPT tracking

EXPECTED SIMULATION RESULTS:

Fig. 2 Irradiance pattern for the testing of MPPT controller

Fig. 3 Power output response for Voltage Fraction MPPT

Fig. 4 Power output response for the P&O and INC controller

Fig. 5 Power output response for Fuzzy Logic MPPT controller

Fig. 6 The P-V curve for the demonstration of Power slope technique algorithm

Fig. 7 The output power of PV array for the Power Curve Scanning technique

Fig. 8 The output power of PV array for the modified Power Slope Detection GMPPT technique

CONCLUSION:

The prominent techniques of MPPT are discussed in this paper. It may be used as tutorial material on solar MPPT. Also, an attempt has been made to describe the important GMPPT techniques with sufficient details. A comprehensive comparative analysis has been contributed in this paper considering performance, cost, complexity of circuit and other parameters of MPPT. The results of this analysis will be helpful for proper selection of MPPT method. The generated power performance through few MPPT controllers has been illustrated with the help of simulation excercise. This also provides better understanding through numerical comparison. This review work has also presented a brief analysis and comparison of MPPT techniques for partial shading conditions. This paper may be useful for solar PV system manufacturer and solar inverter designer.

REFERENCES:

Abdourraziq, S., & El. Bachtiri Rachid (2014) A perturb and observe method using fuzzy logic control for PV pumping system. International Conference on Multimedia Computation and Systems, Marrakech, 1608-1612.

Adly, M., El-Sherif, H., & Ibrahim, M. (2011) Maximum Power Point Tracker for a PV cell using a fuzzy agent adapted by the Fractional open circuit voltage technique. IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy System, Taipei, 1918-1922.

Ahmad, J. (2010) A fractional open circuit voltage based maximum power point tracker for photovoltaic arrays. International Conference on Soft Technology and Engineering, San Juan, 247-250.

Ahmed, N.A., and Miyatake, M. (2008) A novel maximum power point tracking for photovoltaic applications under partially shaded insolation conditions. Electric Power System Research, 78, 777-784.

Altas, I.H., & Sharaf, A.M. (1996) A novel on-line MPP search algorithm for PV arrays. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversions, 11 (4), 748-754.