A New Protection Scheme for HVDC Converters against DC Side Faults with Current Suppression Capability

 ABSTRACT:  

Voltage-source converters (VSCs) and half bridge Modular Multilevel Converters (MMCs) are among the most popular types of HVDC converters. One of their serious drawbacks is their vulnerable nature to DC side faults, since the freewheeling diodes act as a rectifier bridge and feed the DC faults. The severity of DC side faults can be limited by connecting double thyristor switches across the semiconductor devices. By turning them on, the AC current contribution into the DC side is eliminated and the DC-link current will freely decay to zero. The main disadvantages of this method are: high dv/dt stresses across thyrsitors during normal conditions, and absence of bypassing for the freewheeling diodes during DC faults as they are sharing the fault current with thyristors. This paper proposes a new protection scheme for HVDC converters (VSCs as well as MMCs). In this scheme, the double thyristor switches are combined and connected across the AC output terminals of the HVDC converter. The proposed scheme provides advantages such as lower dv/dt stresses and lower voltage rating of thyristor switches, in addition to providing full separation between the converter semiconductor devices and AC grid during DC side faults. A simulation case study has been carried out to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.

KEYWORDS:

1.      DC side faults

2.      Double Thyristor Switch

3.      Fault current suppression

4.      Protection of VSC-HVDC

5.      Protection of MMC-HVDC

SOFTWARE: MATLAB/SIMULINK

SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM:

Fig. 1. Description of simulated case study

 EXPECTED SIMULATION RESULTS:

Fig. 2. Simulation results for VSC case: (a) converter line voltage , (b) per-phase grid current, (c) DC-link current, (d) thyristors currents for different protection schemes, (e) freewheeling diode current for different protection scheme, and (f) dv/dt stresses across each thyristor for different protection schemes.

Fig. 3. Simulation results for three-level MMC (n=2): (a) converter line voltage , (b) per-phase grid current, (c) DC-link current, (d) thyristors currents for different protection schemes, (e) freewheeling diode current for different protection scheme, and (f) dv/dt stresses across each thyristor for different protection schemes.

CONCLUSION:

Depending on AC circuit breakers (ACCBs) to protect HVDC converters against DC side faults is a risk since the full AC fault current is passing through the freewheeling diodes until tripping the ACCBs is achieved. Hence, the need for complex DC breakers has emerged as the alternative. In this paper, a protection scheme for both VSC-HVDC and MMCHVDC converters against DC side faults is proposed. The proposed scheme provides complete separation between the AC side and the HVDC converters during DC faults which allows the DC-link current to freely decay to zero (the grid current contribution into DC fault is eliminated). A comparison between the proposed scheme and other existing schemes (STSS, and DTSS) is presented. With the same number of thyristors, the proposed scheme is able to accomplish the task of the DTSS, but with back-to-back thyristor switches exposed to lower dv/dt stresses, and possessing lower voltage (33% compared to other schemes), but higher current rating (200% compared to other schemes). Implementation of the proposed scheme is less complex since it is connected across the AC terminals of the converter not across semiconductor devices as in the single and double thyristor switch schemes.

REFERENCES:

[1] N. Flourentzou, V.G. Agelidis, G.D. Demetriades, "VSC-Based HVDC Power Transmission Systems: An Overview", IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics ,Vol. 24 , No. 3, pp. 592 - 602, March 2009.

[2] P. Lundberg,M. Callavik, M. Bahrman, P. Sandeberg, "High-Voltage DC Converters and Cable Technologies for Offshore Renewable Integration and DC Grid Expansions" IEEE Power and Energy Magazine, Vol. 10 , No. 6 , pp. 30-38, Nov. 2012.

[3] Lidong Zhang et al. “Interconnection of two very weak ac systems by VSC-HVDC links using power-synchronization control”, IEEE Trans. on Power Systems, vol. 26 , no. 1, pp.344-355, 2011.

[4] J. M. Espi, J.Castello, “Wind turbine generation system with optimized dc-link design and control”, IEEE Trans. on Ind. Electron. , vol. 60, no.3, pp. 919- 929, 2013.

[5] S. Cole, R. Belmans, “Transmission of bulk power”, IEEE Ind. Electron. Magazine, vol. 3, no.3, pp.19-24, Sept. 2009.

Power System Stability Enhancement Using Static Synchronous Series Compensator (SSSC)

 ABSTRACT:  

In this study, a static synchronous series compensator (SSSC) is used to investigate the effect of this device in controlling active and reactive powers as well as damping power system oscillations in transient mode. The SSSC equipped with a source of energy in the DC link can supply or absorb the reactive and active power to or from the line. Simulations have been done in MATLAB/SIMULINK environment. Simulation results obtained for selected bus-2 in two machine power system shows the efficacy of this compensator as one of the FACTS devices member in controlling power flows, achieving the desired value for active and reactive powers, and damping oscillations appropriately.

KEYWORDS:

1.      Static synchronous series compensator (SSSC)

2.      FACTS

3.      Two machine power system

4.      Active and reactive powers

SOFTWARE: MATLAB/SIMULINK

 SINGLE LINE DIAGRAM:

Figure 1. Two machines system with SSSC

 EXPECTED SIMULATION RESULTS:

Figure 2. Active power of bus-2 without the installation of SSSC

.

Figure 3. Reactive power of bus-2 without the installation of SSSC

Figure 4. Current of bus-2 without the installation of SSSC

Figure 5. Voltage of bus-2 without the installation of SSSC

Figure 6. Active power of bus-2 in the presence of SSSC

Figure 7. Reactive power of bus-2 in the presence of SSSC

Fig.8.Current of Bus-2 In The Presence Of SSSC

CONCLUSION:

It has been found that the SSSC is capable of controlling the flow of power at a desired point on the transmission line. It is also observed that the SSSC injects a fast changing voltage in series with the line irrespective of the magnitude and phase of the line current.  Based on obtained simulation results the performance of the SSSC has been examined in a simple two-machine system simply on the selected bus-2, and applications of the SSSC will be extended in future to a complex and multimachine system to investigate the problems related to the various modes of power oscillation in the power systems.

REFERENCES:

[1] Gyugyi, L. (1989). “Solid-state control of AC power transmission.” International Symposium on Electric Energy Conversion in Power System, Capri, Italy, (paper No. T-IP.4).

[2] Sen, K.K. (1998). “SSSC-static synchronous series compensator: theory, modeling and publications.” IEEE Trans. Power Delivery. Vol. 13, No.1, January, PP. 241-246.

[3] L. Gyugyi, 1994, “Dynamic Compensation of AC Transmission Line by Solid State Synchronous Voltage Sources,” IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 9(22), pp. 904-911.

[4] Muhammad Harunur Rashid, “Power Electronics – Circuits, Devices, and Applications, “PRENTICE HALL, Englewood Cliffs, New  Jersey.07632, 1988.

[5] Amany E L – Zonkoly, “Optimal sizing of SSSC Controllers to minimize transmission loss and a novel model of SSSC to study transient response, “Electric power Systems research 78 (2008) 1856 – 1864.

Powеr Quality Improvement In Powеr Systеm By Using SVPWM Based Static Synchronous Sеriеs Compеnsator

ABSTRACT:  

Power quality improvement is an important issue in power system. Flexible AC Transmission (FACTS) devices are commonly used for solving problems related to power quality and improving it. In this paper a synchronous static series compensator (SSSC) is used for control and modulation of power flow in a transmission line. The Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) and SVPWM control techniques are employed in SSSC. The active performance of SSSC is evaluated using Matlab/Simulink environment. The simulation results validate that the power quality is enhanced properly using SSSC.

KEYWORDS:

1.      Power Quality

2.      FACTS

3.      PWM

4.      SVPWM

5.      SSSC

SOFTWARE: MATLAB/SIMULINK

 BLOCK DIAGRAM:

Figure 1. Functional model of SSSC.

 EXPECTED SIMULATION RESULTS:

Figure 2. (a) Source voltage (b) Source current without SSSC.

Figure 3. (a) Load voltage (b) Load current without SSSC.

Figure 4. (a) Source voltage (b) Source current with SSSC.

Figure 5. (a) Load voltage (b) Load current with SSSC.

Figure 6. (a) Source voltage (b) Source current with SVPWM SSSC.

Figure 7. (a) Load voltage (b) Load current with SVPWM SSSC.

Figure 8. FFT analysis of (a) Source voltage (b) Source current-without SSSC.

Figure 9. FFT analysis of (a) Load voltage (b) Load current –without SSSC.

Figure 10. FFT analysis of (a) Source voltage (b) Source current with SSSC.

Figure 11. FFT analysis of (a) Load voltage (b) Load current with SSSC.

Figure 12. FFT analysis of (a) source voltage and (b) source current using SVPWM SSSC.

Figure 13. FFT analysis of (a) Load voltage and (b) Load current using SVPWM SSSC.

CONCLUSION:

In this paper the problem of modulation and control of power flow in transmission line is carried out by using SSSC with PWM and SVPWM techniques. The performance of SSSC is validated using Matlab/Simulink software. Thus, simulation results and THD analysis shows that by using SVPWM based SSSC power quality gets improved more as compared to the SPWM based SSSC. Hence SVPWM technique proves better as compared to that of the SPWM technique for power quality improvement.

REFERENCES:

[1] N.G. Hingorani and L. Gyugyi, “Undеrstanding FATCS concеpts andtеchnology of flеxiblе ac transmission systеm”,Nеw York, NY: IЕЕЕ prеss, 2000.

[2] “Static Synchronous Compensator,” CIGRE, Working group 14.19, 1998.

[3] Laszlo Gyugyi, Colin D. Schaudеr, and Kalyan K. Sеn, “static synchronous sеriеs compеnsator: a solid-statе approach to thе sеriеs compеnsation of transmission linеs”, IЕЕЕ Transactions on powеr dеlivеry, Vol. 12, No. 1, January 1997.

[4] Vaishali M. Morе, V.K. Chandrakar, “Powеr systеm pеrformancеs improvеmеnt by using static synchronous sеriеs compеnsator”, intеrnational confеrеncе on Advancеs in Еlеctrical, Еlеctronics,Informantion, Communication and Bio-Informatics 978-1-4673-9745-2©2016 IЕЕЕ.

[5] M. Farhani, “Damping of subsynchronous oscillations in powеr systеm by using static synchronous sеriеs compеnsator”,IЕT Gеnr. Distrib.vol.6.Iss.6.pp.539-544,2012.