Grid Interactive Solar PV Based Water Pumping Using BLDC Motor Drive

ABSTRACT:

This paper proposes a bidirectional power flow control of a grid interactive solar photovoltaic (PV) fed water pumping system. A brushless DC (BLDC) motor-drive without phase current sensors, is used to run a water pump. This system enables a consumer to operate the water pump at its full capacity for 24-hours regardless of the climatic condition and to feed a single phase utility grid when the water pumping is not required. The full utilization of a PV array and motor-pump is made possible in addition to an enhanced reliability of the pumping system. A single phase voltage source converter (VSC) with a unit vector template (UVT) generation technique accomplishes a bidirectional power flow control between the grid and the DC bus of voltage source inverter (VSI), which feeds a BLDC motor. The VSI is operated at fundamental frequency, which minimizes the switching loss. The maximum power point (MPP) operation of a PV array, and power quality improvements such as power factor correction and reduction of total harmonic distortion (THD) of grid are achieved in this system. Its applicability and reliability are demonstrated by various simulated results using MATLAB/Simulink platform and hardware implementation.

KEYWORDS:

1.      Power flow control

2.      Solar photovoltaic

3.      Brushless DC motor

4.      Voltage source converter

5.      Unit vector template

6.      Voltage source inverter

7.      Maximum power point

8.      Power quality

9.      Power factor

10.  Total harmonic distortion

SOFTWARE: MATLAB/SIMULINK

CONCLUSION:

A single phase grid interactive PV array based water pumping system using a BLDC motor drive has been proposed and demonstrated. A bi-directional power flow control of VSC has enabled a full utilization of resources and water pumping with maximum capacity regardless of the climatic conditions. A simple UVT generation technique has been applied to control the power flow as desired. All the power quality aspects have been met as per the IEEE-519 standard. The speed control of BLDC motor-pump has been achieved without any current sensing elements. A fundamental frequency switching of VSI has contributed to enhance the efficiency of overall system by reducing the switching losses. The proposed solution has emerged as a reliable water pumping system, and as a source of earning by sale of electricity to the utility when water pumping is not required.

REFERENCES:

[1] M. T. A. Khan, G. Norris, R. Chattopadhyay, I. Husain and S. Bhattacharya, “Autoinspection and Permitting With a PV Utility Interface (PUI) for Residential Plug-and-Play Solar Photovoltaic Unit,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., vol. 53, no. 2, pp. 1337-1346, March-April 2017.

[2] M. Montorfano, D. Sbarbaro and L. Morán, “Economic and Technical Evaluation of Solar-Assisted Water Pump Stations for Mining Applications: A Case of Study,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., vol. 52, no. 5, pp. 4454-4459, Sept.-Oct. 2016.

[3] Billel Talbi, Fateh Krim, Toufik Rekioua, Saad Mekhilef, Abdelbaset Laib and Abdesslam Belaout, “A high-performance control scheme for photovoltaic pumping system under sudden irradiance and load changes,” Solar Energy, vol. 159, pp. 353-368, 2018.

[4] Packiam Periasamy, N.K. Jain and I.P. Singh, “A review on development of photovoltaic water pumping system,” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 43, pp. 918-925, March 2015.

[5] R. Kumar and B. Singh, “BLDC Motor Driven Solar PV Array Fed Water Pumping System Employing Zeta Converter,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., vol. 52, no. 3, pp. 2315-2322, May-June 2016.

 

Fuzzy Logic Controller Based Energy Management (FLCBEM) for a Renewable Hybrid System

ABSTRACT:

In recent days, the use of renewable energy like wind and solar energy is necessary to meet the load demand. It is useful for power generation due to their unlimited existence and environmental friendly nature. This paper deals with the energy management of wind and solar hybrid generation system. Photovoltaic (PV) array, wind turbine, and battery storage are connected via a common current source interface multiple-input DC-DC converter. The Fuzzy logic controller ensures the power management between intermittent renewable energy generation, energy storage, and grid. In order to obtain the maximum power, variable speed control is employed for the wind turbines, and maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm is applied for the photovoltaic system. The grid interface inverter directs the energy drawn from the wind turbine and PV array into the grid by maintaining common dc voltage constant. Simulation analysis of the entire control scheme is carried out using MATLAB Simulink. The simulation results show the control performance and dynamic behavior of the fuzzy controlled photovoltaic/ wind hybrid system.

KEYWORDS:

1.      Renewable energy

2.      Solar energy

3.      Wind energy

4.      Hybrid system

5.      Energy management

6.      Fuzzy logic controller

SOFTWARE: MATLAB/SIMULINK

CONCLUSION:

In this paper, a fuzzy logic controller based solar/ wind hybrid system is proposed for energy management. The effectiveness of the MPPT algorithm is obtained from the proposed hybrid system. DC link voltage is maintained and regulated using the Luo converter. The Luo converter has the potentiality to remove the high-frequency current harmonics in the wind generator. It improves the voltage gain and power density. Using the Fuzzy logic controller (FLC) in the hybrid system reduces the harmonics and the dissipation of power is low. Thus, the performance of the hybrid system increases system reliability, power availability, quality, and operational efficiency. Simulation results obtained from Matlab/Simulink shows that this proposed hybrid system becomes a viable way to produce uninterrupted electrical energy, especially in rural areas.

REFERENCES:

[1] Adel Merabet, Khandker Tawfique Ahmed, Hussein Ibrahim, Rachid Beguenane, and Amer Ghias, “Energy Management and Control System for Laboratory Scale Microgrid based Wind-PV-Battery”, IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 145-154, Jan 2017.

[2] Janviere Umuhoza, Yuzhi Zhang, Shuang Zhao and H.Alan Mantooth, “An Adaptive Control Strategy for Power Balance and the Intermittency Mitigation in Battery-PV Energy System at Residential DC Microgrid Level”, IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, pp. 1341-1345, Mar 2017.

[3] Junzhi Yu, Chunxia Dou and Xinbin Li, “MAS-Based Energy Management Strategies for a Hybrid Energy Generation System”, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 63, no. 6, pp. 3756- 3764, Jun 2016.

[4] Komeil Nosrati, Hamid Reza Mansouri and Hossein Saboori, “Fractional-order PID controller design of frequency deviation in a hybrid renewable energy generation and storage system”, IET Journals, CIRED, vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 1148-1152, Oct 2017.

[5] K. Kumar, N. Ramesh Babu, and K. R Prabhu, “Design and Analysis of RBFN-Based Single MPPT Controller for Hybrid Solar and Wind Energy system”, IEEE Access, vol. 5, pp. 15308-15317, Aug 2017.

 

Fuel Cell integrated Unified Power Quality Conditioner for voltage and current reparation in four-wire distribution grid

ABSTRACT:

Electrical and electronic devices when exposed to one or more power quality problems are prone to failure. This paper aims to enhance the quality of power in three-phase four-wire distribution grid using Fuel Cell Integrated Unified Power Quality Conditioner (FCI-UPQC). The proposed FCI-UPQC has four-leg converter on the shunt side and three-leg converter on the series side. A combination of a synchronous reference frame (SRF) and Instantaneous Reactive Power (IRP) theories are utilized to generate reference signals of the FCI-UPQC. Also, this paper proposes Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System controller to maintain DC link voltage in the FCI-UPQC. The Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System controller is designed like a sugeno fuzzy architecture and trained offline using data from the Proportional Integral (PI) controller. The obtained results proved that the proposed FCI-UPQC compensated power quality problems such as voltage sag, swell, harmonics, neutral current, source current imbalance in three-phase four-wire distribution grid. The presence of fuel cell in this work makes more effectiveness of the proposed system by providing real power support during supply interruption on the grid side.

SOFTWARE: MATLAB/SIMULINK

CONCLUSION:

In this paper, a novel utility of FCI-UPQC as a compensating and interconnecting device for a 3-phase 4- wire distribution grid is extensively simulated in Matlab/Simulink. It was observed that the proposed FCIUPQC efficiently compensates the problem of load current and supply voltage imperfections with quick response and high reliability at the same time. The proposed system has an enhanced performance under unbalanced, non-linear and sensitive linear load conditions. It is important to note that the proposed system still having challenge to mitigate source current harmonics during source side disturbances and the type-2 ANFIS controlled FCI-UPQC is the another scope for the future work.

REFERENCES:

[1] Naderi Y, Hosseini SH, Zadeh SG, Mohammadi-Ivatloo B, Vasquez JC, Guerrero JM. An overview of power quality enhancement techniques applied to distributed generation in electrical distribution networks. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 2018;93:201-14.

[2] Ghosh, Arindam, and Gerard Ledwich. Power quality enhancement using custom power devices. Springer Science & Business Media; 2012.

[3] Sundarabalan C. K, Selvi K. Real coded GA optimized fuzzy logic controlled PEMFC based Dynamic Voltage Restorer for reparation of voltage disturbances in distribution system. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 2017; 42 (1) : 603-13.

[4] Khadkikar, Vinod. Enhancing electric power quality using UPQC: A comprehensive overview, IEEE transactions on Power Electronics 2012; 22 (7) : 2284-97.

[5] N.G. Jayanti, M. Basu, M.F. Conlon, K. Gaughan. Rating requirements of the unified power quality conditioner to integrate the fixed-speed induction generator-type wind generation to the grid IET Renewable Power generation 2009; 3 (2) : 133-143.

Flexibility Enhancement of Hybrid Microgrids Using Optimal H∞ Filtering-based Fuzzy Control of UIPC

ABSTRACT:

The current study focuses on flexibility enhancement of hybrid or ac/dc microgrids (HMGs), which uses an improved Unified Interphase Power Controller (UIPC). The UIPC is adopted as an effective tool for interconnecting the HMG. A novel control system is suggested for UIPC line power converter (LPC). The proposed control scheme is an optimal H∞ filtering-based fuzzy inference system which is able to effectively provide a flexible control for the LPCs during system different conditions, as shown by simulations.

KEYWORDS:

1.      Hybrid microgrid

2.       Flexibility

3.      H∞ filtering

4.      Fuzzy controller

SOFTWARE: MATLAB/SIMULINK

CONCLUSION:

The HMGs are the most prevalent configurations for smart microgrids. Conventionally, in an HMG, the ac and dc groups of microgrids have been interconnected by the parallel - connected BILPCs. This connection brings many problems into the control and operation of an HMG. The UIPC has been presented in this paper, as a new and effective solution for this problem, instead of using the parallel-connected BILPCs. Also, a new optimal H∞ filtering-based fuzzy control scheme has been proposed for the LPCs in the UIPC to increase the flexibility. The simulation results have confirmed the flexible power transferring performance of the HMGs during various conditions using UIPC.

REFERENCES:

[1] Xiong Liu, et al, "A Hybrid AC/DC Microgrid and Its Coordination Control", IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, Volume: 2, Issue: 2, pp. 278 - 286, 2011.

[2] S. A Taher, M. Zolfaghari, C. Cho, M. Abedi, M. Shahidehpour, "A New Approach for Soft Synchronization of Microgrid Using Robust Control Theory", IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery Volume: 32, Issue: 3, pp. 1370 – 1381, 2017. J. Clerk Maxwell, A Treatise on Electricity and Magnetism, 3rd ed., vol. 2. Oxford: Clarendon, 1892, pp.68–73.

[3] Xiaonan Lu, et al., "Control of Parallel-Connected Bidirectional ACDC Converters in Stationary Frame for Microgrid Application", IEEE, Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE), 2011.

[4] Xiaonan Lu, et al., "Hierarchical Control of Parallel AC-DC Converter Interfaces for Hybrid Microgrids", IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, Volume: 5, Issue: 2, pp. 683 – 692, 2014.

[5] F. Wang, et al., "Design and Analysis of Active Power Control Strategies for Distributed Generation Inverters under Unbalanced Grid faults", IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution Volume: 4, Issue: 8, pp. 905 - 916 2010.

Energy Management and Control Strategy of Photovoltaic/Battery Hybrid Distributed Power Generation Systems With an Integrated Three-Port Power Converter

ABSTRACT:

Photovoltaic (PV)/battery hybrid power units have attracted vast research interests in recent years. For the conventional distributed power generation systems with PV/battery hybrid power units, two independent power converters, including a unidirectional dc_dc converter and a bidirectional converter, are normally required. This paper proposes an energy management and control strategy for the PV/battery hybrid distributed power generation systems with only one integrated three-port power converter. As the integrated bidirectional converter shares power switches with the full-bridge dc_dc converter, the power density and the reliability of the system is enhanced. The corresponding energy management and control strategy are proposed to realize the power balance among three ports in different operating scenarios, which comprehensively takes both the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) benefit and the battery charging/discharging management into consideration. The simulations are conducted using the Matlab/Simulink software to verify the operation performance of the proposed PV/battery hybrid distributed power generation system with the corresponding control algorithms, where the MPPT control loop, the battery charging/discharging management loop are enabled accordingly in different operating scenarios.

KEYWORDS:

1.      Energy management

2.       Maximum power point tracking

3.      Bidirectional power converter

4.      Photovoltaic/battery hybrid power unit

SOFTWARE: MATLAB/SIMULINK

CONCLUSION:

An integrated three-port power converter as the interface for the PV/battery hybrid distributed power generation system is proposed. Compared with the conventional system topology containing an independent DC-DC unidirectional conversion stage and a bidirectional conversion stage, the proposed system has advantages in terms of higher power density and reliability. The phase shift angle of the full bridge and the switch duty cycle are adopted as two control variables to obtain the required DC bus voltage and realize the power balance among three ports. Different operating scenarios of the system under various power conditions are discussed in detail and a comprehensive energy management and control strategy is proposed accordingly. The priority controller can enable one of the control loops in different scenarios to optimize the whole system performance, taking both the MPPT benefit and the battery charging/discharging management requirements into consideration. The simulation results verify the performance of the proposed PV/battery hybrid distributed power generation system and the feasibility of the control algorithm.

REFERENCES:

[1] F. Blaabjerg, Z. Chen, and S. B. Kjaer, ``Power electronics as efficient interface in dispersed power generation systems,'' IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 19, no. 5, pp. 1184_1194, Sep. 2004.

[2] J. M. Carrasco, L. G. Franquelo, J. T. Bialasiewicz, E. Galvan, R. Potillo, M. M. Prats, J. I. Leon, and N. Moreno-Alfonso, ``Power-electronic systems for the grid integration of renewable energy sources: A survey,'' IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 53, no. 4, pp. 1002_1016, Jun. 2006.

[3] BP Statistical Review of World Energy, British Petroleum, London, U.K., Jun. 2018.

[4] J. P. Barton and D. G. In_eld, ``Energy storage and its use with intermittent renewable energy,'' IEEE Trans. Energy Convers., vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 441_448, Jun. 2004.

[5] M. S. Whittingham, ``History, evolution, and future status of energy storage,'' Proc. IEEE, vol. 100, pp. 1518_1534, May 2012.

Distributed virtual inertia control and stability analysis of dc microgrid

 ABSTRACT:

A dc microgrid is a low inertia system dominated by power converters. As a result, the change rate of the dc voltage is very fast under power variation. In this study, a distributed virtual inertia control is proposed to enhance the inertia of the dc microgrid and decrease the change rate of the dc voltage. The inertia of the dc microgrid can be enhanced by the kinetic energy in the rotor of the permanent magnet synchronous generators (PMSG)-based wind turbine, the energy stored in batteries and the energy from the utility grid. By introducing a virtual inertia control coefficient, a general expression of the inertial power provided by each controllable power sources is defined. The proposed inertia control is simply a first-order inertia loop and is implemented in the grid-connected converter, the battery interfaced converter and the PMSG interfaced converter, respectively. The small-signal model of the dc microgrid with the proposed inertia control is established. The range of virtual inertia control coefficient is determined through stability analysis. Finally, a typical dc microgrid is built and simulated in Matlab/Simulink, and the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy and correctness of the stability analysis are verified.

 SOFTWARE: MATLAB/SIMULINK

CONCLUSION:

In this paper, the virtual inertia control of the dc microgrid is proposed and the small-signal stability analysis is carried out for the dc microgrid with virtual inertia control. Conclusions are summarised as follows:

i. Considering the potential of inertial support capability of rotating equipment and storage equipment in the dc microgrid, the virtual inertial control of G-VSC, W-VSC and B-DC, are designed to provide a virtual inertial support for the system. Especially, the inertia power provided by the utility grid, wind turbine and battery can be adjusted by modifying the corresponding coefficient of virtual inertia control.

ii. A small-signal model of the dc microgrid is established. The stability of the dc microgrid with additional virtual inertia control is analysed and the range of the virtual inertia control coefficient is determined.

iii. The proposed virtual inertia control is suitable for both ac/dc converters and dc/dc converters, and is unconstrained by the voltage hierarchical coordinated control strategy. Once the voltage fluctuation occurs, the inertia power provided by the proposed virtual inertia control can help to improve the inertia of the system.

REFERENCES:

[1] Dragicevic, T., Lu, X., Vasquez, J.C., et al.: ‘DC microgrids-part I: a review of control strategies and stabilization techniques’, IEEE Trans. Power Electron., 2016, 31, (7), pp. 4876–4891

[2] Cairoli, P., Kondratiev, I., Dougal, R.A.: ‘Coordinated control of the bus tie switches and power supply converters for fault protection in DC microgrids’, IEEE Trans. Power Electron., 2013, 28, (4), pp. 2037–2047

[3] Chen, Y.-K., Wu, Y.-C., Song, C.-C., et al.: ‘Design and implementation of energy management system with fuzzy control for DC microgrid systems’, IEEE Trans. Power Electron., 2013, 28, (4), pp. 1563–1570

[4] Zhou, T., Francois, B.: ‘Energy management and power control of a hybrid active wind generator for distributed power generation and grid integration’, IEEE Trans. Power Electron., 2011, 58, (1), pp. 95–104

[5] Lyu, X., Xu, Z., Zhao, J., et al.: ‘Advanced frequency support strategy of photovoltaic system considering changing working conditions’, IET Gener. Transm. Distrib., 2018, 12, (2), pp. 363–370

Distributed Incremental Adaptive Filter Controlled Grid Interactive Residential Photovoltaic-Battery Based Microgrid for Rural Electrification

ABSTRACT:

 In this paper, a distributed incremental adaptive filter (DIAF) controlled utility interfaced photovoltaic (PV) - battery microgrid system is presented with power quality features. From protection aspects, grid tied solar inverters are required to shut down at loss of the utility. However, the multi-purpose PV-battery system is developed to provide energy to the critical loads, even at loss of distribution network. The bidirectional controlled converter with a battery also mitigates the intermittency of a PV array under rapid variations in the weather. The extracted maximum power is supplied to the voltage source converter (VSC), which is transferred to the nonlinear loads and the utility. The distributed incremental adaptive filter is used to control the VSC with contribution of PV power and the battery. In addition, the DIAF control provides harmonics mitigation, load balancing and power factor improvement functionalities in order to deal with system connected with nonlinear loads. A PV power feed-forward (PVFF) term is incorporated in the current control for injection of active power to the utility as well as to improve the dynamic operation of residential PV-battery microgrid. The battery energy storage (BES) reduces the fuel bills and it is also utilized to provide smoothing attributes to the microgrid. The effectiveness of PV-battery microgrid is validated experimentally developed in the laboratory.

KEYWORDS:

1.      PV-battery microgrid

2.      Power quality and distributed incremental adaptive filter

SOFTWARE: MATLAB/SIMULINK

CONCLUSION:

The distributed incremental adaptive filter (DIAF) based control of residential PV/battery microgrid system for rural electrification, has been demonstrated for it’s satisfactorily operation. The focus of this topology has proved continuous supply by integrating the battery back-up with a PV array even under the outage of PV array and utility grid. The charging and discharging of the battery depending upon the state of charge (SOC) level, have been decided by the cascaded PI control. Test results of extracted PV energy and dynamic load and insolation change are studied for validation of control technique. Moreover, the power quality indices are provided, which are within limit of the IEEE-519 standard.

REFERENCES:

[1] M. Rehmani, M. Reisslein, A. Rachedi, M. Kantarci and M. Radenkovic, “Integrating Renewable Energy Resources Into the Smart Grid: Recent Developments in Information and Communication Technologies,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Infor., vol. 14, no. 7, pp. 2814-2825, July 2018.

[2] N. Babu, R. Peesapati, and G. Panda, “An Adaptive Differentiation Frequency based Advanced Reference Current Generator in Grid-tied PV Applications,” IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics (Early Access).

[3] S. Jain, M. Shadmand and R. Balog, “Decoupled Active and Reactive Power Predictive Control for PV Applications using a Grid-tied Quasi- Z-Source Inverter,” IEEE Journal of Emer. and Selected Topics in Power Electron, Early Access, 2018.

[4] L. Zhang, K. Sun, Y. Li, X. Lu and J. Zhao, “A Distributed Power Control of Series-Connected Module-Integrated Inverters for PV Grid- Tied Applications,” IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 33, no. 9, pp. 7698-7707, Sept. 2018.

[5] B. Liu, L. Wang, D. Song, M. Su, J. Yang, D. He,Z. Chen and S. Song “Control of Single-phase Grid-connected Photovoltaic Inverter under Battery Input Condition in Residential Photovoltaic/Battery Systems,” IEEE Trans. Sustain. Energy, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 1957-1968, Oct. 2018.