Power Quality Improvement and Mitigation Case Study Using Distributed Power Flow Controller

ABSTRACT

According to growth of electricity demand and the increased number of non-linear loads in power grids, providing a high quality electrical power should be considered. In this paper, voltage sag and swell of the power quality issues are studied and distributed power flow controller (DPFC) is used to mitigate the voltage deviation and improve power quality. The DPFC is a new FACTS device, which its structure is similar to unified power flow controller (UPFC). In spite of UPFC, in DPFC the common dc-link between the shunt and series converters is eliminated and three-phase series converter is divided to several single-phase series distributed converters through the line. The case study contains a DPFC sited in a single-machine infinite bus power system including two parallel transmission lines, which simulated in MATLAB/Simulink environment. The presented simulation results validate the DPFC ability to improve the power quality.

KEYWORDS

1.      FACTS

2.       Power Quality

3.       Sag and Swell Mitigation

4.      Distributed Power Flow Controller

SOFTWARE: MATLAB/SIMULINK

BLOCK DIAGRAM:

Fig. 1. The DPFC Structure

EXPECTED SIMULATION RESULTS

Fig. 2. Three-phase load voltage sag waveform

Fig. 3. Mitigation of three-phase load voltage sag with DPFC

Fig. 4. Three-phase load current swell waveform without DPFC

Fig. 5. Mitigation of three-phase load current swell with DPFC

Fig. 6. Total harmonic distortion of load voltage without DPFC

Fig. 7. Total harmonic distortion of load voltage with DPFC

CONCLUSION

To improve power quality in the power transmission system, there are some effective methods. In this paper, the voltage sag and swell mitigation, using a new FACTS device called distributed power flow controller (DPFC) is presented. The DPFC structure is similar to unified power flow controller (UPFC) and has a same control capability to balance the line parameters, i.e., line impedance, transmission angle, and bus voltage magnitude. However, the DPFC offers some advantages, in comparison with UPFC, such as high control capability, high reliability, and low cost. The DPFC is modeled and three control loops, i.e., central controller, series control, and shunt control are design. The system under study is a single machine infinite-bus system, with and without DPFC. To simulate the dynamic performance, a three-phase fault is considered near the load. It is shown that the DPFC gives an acceptable performance in power quality mitigation and power flow control.

REFERENCES

[1] S. Masoud Barakati, Arash Khoshkbar Sadigh and Ehsan Mokhtarpour, “Voltage Sag and Swell Compensation with DVR Based on Asymmetrical Cascade Multicell Converter” , North American Power Symposium (NAPS), pp.1 – 7, 2011

[2] Alexander Eigels Emanuel, John A. McNeill “Electric Power Quality”. Annu. Rev. Energy Environ 1997, pp. 263-303.

[3] I Nita R. Patne, Krishna L. Thakre “Factor Affecting Characteristics Of Voltage Sag Due to Fault in the Power System” Serbian Journal Of Electrical engineering. vol. 5, no.1, May2008, pp. 171-182.

[4] J. R. Enslin, “Unified approach to power quality mitigation,” in Proc. IEEE Int. Symp. Industrial Electronics (ISIE ’98), vol. 1, 1998, pp. 8– 20.

[5] B. Singh, K. Al-Haddad, and A. Chandra, “A review of active filters for power quality improvement,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron. vol. 46, no. 5, pp. 960–971, 1999.

Power Quality Improvement In Transmission Systems Using DPFC

ABSTRACT

 The flexible ac-transmission system (FACTS) family called distributed power flow controller (DPFC). The DPFC is derived from the unified power flow controller (UPFC) with eliminated common dc link. The active power exchange between the shunt and series converters, which is through the common dc link in the UPFC, is now through the transmission lines at the third harmonic frequency. The DPFC is to use multiple small size single phase converters instead of large size three phase series converter in the UPFC. The large number of series converters provides redundancy, thereby increasing the system reliability. As the D-FACTS converters are single phase and floating with respect to the ground, there is no high voltage isolation required between the phases. The cost of the DPFC system is lower than the UPFC. The DPFC has the same control capability as the UPFC, which comprises the adjustment of the line impedance, the transmission angle, and the bus voltage. Due to the high control capability DPFC can also be used to improve the power quality and system stability, such as low frequency power oscillation damping, voltage sag restoration or balancing asymmetry.

KEYWORDS

1.      AC–DC power conversion

2.      Load flow control

3.      Power electronics

4.      Power semiconductor devices

5.      Power system control

6.      Power-transmission control

SOFTWARE: MATLAB/SIMULINK

BLOCK DIAGRAM:

Figure 1.DPFC configuration

 EXPECTED SIMULATION RESULTS

Figure 2.Supply voltage during sag condition

Figure 3. Injected voltage during sag condition

Figure 4. Elimination of sag voltage

Figure 5. Supply voltage during swell

Figure 6. Injected voltage for swell

Figure 7. Elimination of swell voltage

CONCLUSION

The series converter of the DPFC employs the DFACTS concept, which uses multiple small single-phase converters instead of one large-size converter. It is proved that the shunt and series converters in the DPFC can exchange active power at the third-harmonic frequency, and the series converters are able to inject controllable active and reactive power at the fundamental frequency. The DPFC is also used to improving power quality problems such as sag and swell. The reliability of the DPFC is greatly increased because of the redundancy of the series converters. The total cost of the DPFC is also much lower than the UPFC, because no high-voltage isolation is required at the series converter part and the rating of the components of is low.

REFERENCES

[1] D. Divan and H. Johal, “Distributed facts-A new concept for realizing grid power flow control,” in IEEE 36th Power Electron. Spec. Conf. (PESC), 2005, pp. 8–14.

[2] K K. Sen, “Sssc-static synchronous series compensator: Theory, modeling, and application”,IEEE Trans. Power Del., vol. 13, no. 1, pp 241–246, Jan. 1998.

[3] L.Gyugyi, C.D. Schauder, S. L.Williams, T. R. Rietman, D. R. Torgerson, and A. Edris, “The unified power flow controller: A new approach to power transmission control”, IEEE Trans. Power Del., vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 1085– 1097, Apr. 1995.

[4] M. D. Deepak, E. B. William, S. S. Robert, K. Bill, W. G. Randal, T. B. Dale, R. I. Michael, and S. G. Ian, “A distributed static series compensator system for realizing active power flow control on existing power lines”, IEEE Trans. Power Del., vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 642–649, Jan.2007.

[5] M. Mohaddes, A. M. Gole, and S. Elez, “Steady state frequency response of statcom”, IEEE Trans. Power Del., vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 18–23, Jan. 2001.

Mitigation of Voltage Sag For Power Quality Improvement Using DPFC System

ABSTRACT

A new control scheme to improve and maintain the power quality of an electrical power system by design of distributed power flow controller. Generally, In case of modern power utilities have problems like challenges in growth of electricity in case of non-linear loads in grid connected systems. In this paper, we introduced a new FACTS method i.e. distributed power flow controller which is similar to other series-shunt controller types. This DPFC method is also used like UPFC to mitigate voltage sag and swell as a power quality issue. In DPFC, we eliminate the common dc link capacitor and instead of single three phase series converter it has three individual single phase converters. In this paper the control circuit is designed by using series referral voltages, branch currents. The evaluated values are obtained by using MATLAB/SIMULINK.

KEYWORDS

1.      DPFC

2.       Voltage Sag and Swell

3.       Power Quality

SOFTWARE: MATLAB/SIMULINK

BLOCK DIAGRAM:

Fig 1: Basic Configuration of DPFC

EXPECTED SIMULATION RESULTS

Fig 2: Simulation results for voltage sag condition

Fig 3: Simulation results for mitigation of Voltage sag with DPFC system

Fig 4: Simulation results for current swell condition

Fig 5: Simulation results for mitigation of current swell with DPFC system

Fig 6: simulation results for active and reactive powers

CONCLUSION

In this paper we implemented a new concept for controlling power quality problems by Distributed Power Flow Controller device. The proposed concept of the DPFC approach is mathematically formulated and analyzed for voltage dips and their mitigations for a three phase source with linear load. The experimental results of DPFC shows the effectiveness of DPFC in power quality enhancement as compared to all other FACTS devices.

REFERENCES

[1] J. Faiz, G. H. Shahgholian, and M. Torabian, “Design and simulation of UPFC for enhancement of power quality in transmission lines,” IEEE International Conference on Power System Technology, vol. 24, no. 4, 2010.

[2] A. E. Emanuel and J. A. McNeill, “Electric power quality,” Annu. Rev. Energy Environ, 1997.

[3] I. N. R. Patne and K. L. Thakre “Factor affecting characteristics of voltage sag due to fault in the power system,” Serbian Journal of Electrical engineering. vol. 5, no.1, 2008.

[4] B. Singh, K. Al-Haddad, and A. Chandra, “A review of active filters for power quality improvement,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron. vol. 46, no. 5, pp. 960–971, 1999.

[5] M. A. Hannan and A. Mohamed, member IEEE, “PSCAD/EMTDC simulation of unified series-shunt compensator for power quality improvement,” IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, vol. 20, no. 2, 2005.

Smooth Shunt Control of a Fuzzy based Distributed Power Flow Controller to Improve Power Quality

ABSTRACT

Presently, the quality of power supplied is essential to many customers. Power quality (PQ) is a valued utility service where many customers are prepared to pay and get it. In the future, distribution system operators ought to decide, to provide their customers with distinct PQ ranges at different prices. Here, in this paper, a new control action to improve and maintain and enhance the power quality of an electrical power system is proposed in this paper. Fuzzy based distributed power flow controller (DPFC) is designed and put into action to compensate the voltage imbalances arising in a power system. This customized DPFC is an advanced FACTS device, which has its structure analogous to unified power flow controller (UPFC). DPFC comprises of both series and shunt converters, in which its three phase series converter is distributed over the transmission line as several single phase static converters ensuring high controllability and reliability at a low cost compared to an UPFC. A central controlling circuit is designed to supply reference signals to each of the individual controlling circuits of both series and shunt converters. This customized device is applied to a single machine infinite bus power system having nonlinear loads connected to it and is simulated in MATLAB/Simulink environment by using OPAL-RT 5600 Real-time digital Simulator. The results demonstrate the validation of proposed technique to enhance the power quality.

KEYWORDS

1.      Power quality

2.      Voltage fluctuations

3.      Harmonic analysis

4.      Power harmonic filters

5.      Voltage control

6.      Load flow Voltage Sag and Swell

7.      Fuzzy Logic

SOFTWARE: MATLAB/SIMULINK

BLOCK DIAGRAM:

Fig. 1. Control network of DPFC

EXPECTED SIMULATION RESULTS

Fig. 2. Voltage waveform during fault condition

Fig. 3. Current waveform during fault condition

Fig. 4. Simulated results for Voltage by employing DPFC controller

Fig. 5. Simulated results for Current by employing DPFC controller

Fig. 6. THD of load voltage without Controller

Fig. 7. FFT Analysis for PI Controller

Fig. 8. FFT Analysis for Fuzzy Controller

CONCLUSION

The work is presented to provide a solution for maintaining Power Quality at the distribution end, compensation of harmonics in grid voltage and in load currents. In order to consummate specified intentions in this paper a new concept for controlling power quality problems was proposed and implemented. By putting the customized device into action, results were analyzed for voltage dips and their mitigations for a three phase source with non-linear loads. The DPFC is modeled by positioning three control circuits designed independently. In this paper we also proposed and implemented the concept of fuzzy logic controller for having better controlling action, which will help in minimization/elimination of harmonics in the system. As compared to all other facts devices the Fuzzy based DPFC converter effectively controls all power quality problems and with this technique we can put THD to 3.04% proving the effectiveness of the proposed controller.

REFERENCES

 [1] D. Divan and H. Johal, “Distributed facts-A new concept for realizing grid power flow control,” in IEEE 36th Power Electron. Spec. Conf. (PESC), 2005, pp. 8–14.

[2] K K. Sen, “Sssc-static synchronous series compensator: Theory, modeling, and application”,IEEE Trans. Power Del., vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 241–246, Jan. 1998.

[3] L.Gyugyi, C.D. Schauder, S. L.Williams, T. R. Rietman, D. R. Torgerson, and A. Edris, “The unified power flow controller: A new approach to power transmission control”, IEEE Trans. Power Del., vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 1085– 1097, Apr. 1995.

[4] M. D. Deepak, E. B. William, S. S. Robert, K. Bill, W. G. Randal, T. B. Dale, R. I. Michael, and S. G. Ian, “A distributed static series compensator system for realizing active power flow control on existing power lines”, IEEE Trans. Power Del., vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 642–649, Jan.2007

[5] M. Mohaddes, A. M. Gole, and S. Elez, “Steady state frequency response of statcom”, IEEE Trans. Power Del., vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 18–23, Jan. 2001.