Power Quality Improvement in Solar Fed Cascaded Multilevel Inverter with Output Voltage Regulation Techniques

ABSTRACT:

The presence of harmonics in solar Photo Voltaic (PV) energy conversion system results in deterioration of power quality. To address such issue, this paper aims to investigate the elimination of harmonics in a solar fed cascaded fifteen level inverter with aid of Proportional Integral (PI), Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Fuzzy Logic (FL) based controllers. Unlike other techniques, the proposed FLC based approach helps in obtaining reduced harmonic distortions that intend to an enhancement in power quality. In addition to the power quality improvement, this paper also proposed to provide output voltage regulation in terms of maintaining voltage and frequency at the inverter output end in compatible with the grid connection requirements. The simulations are performed in the MATLAB / Simulink environment for solar fed cascaded 15 level inverter incorporating PI, ANN and FL based controllers. To exhibit the proposed technique, a 3 kWp photovoltaic plant coupled to multilevel inverter is designed and hardware is demonstrated. All the three techniques are experimentally investigated with the measurement of   power quality metrics along with establishing output voltage regulation.

KEYWORDS:

1.      Harmonics

2.      Intelligent Control

3.      Multilevel Inverter

4.      Photo Voltaic’s

5.      Power Quality

6.      Voltage Regulation

SOFTWARE: MATLAB/SIMULINK

CONCLUSION:

The voltage regulation topology along with power quality improvement is considered and implemented both in simulation and experimental setup for a solar fed 15 level inverter. While considering the results, it is found that FLC presents better results for VR while considering the variations at the input solar PV. Despite this, FLC is considered for the nine-level by [23], but the implementation is carried out with the DC power supplies without utilizing the solar panels. All the other methods are implemented for low power and lesser levels of MLI topology. Commercial utilization of MLI by providing the constant output voltage is investigated, and the experimental results prove the effectiveness of the proposed system. The method is applicable for the users require grid interaction along with the power quality improvement.

REFERENCES:

[1]. S. Karekezi, T. Ranja, T., “Renewable technologies in Africa”, London: Zed Books, 1997.

[2]. S. Karekezi, W. Kithyoma, “Renewable energy strategies for rural Africa: is a PV-led renewable energy strategy the right approaches for providing modern energy to the rural poor of sub-Saharan Africa”, Energy Policy, vol. 30, pp. 1071-1086, Sep. 2002.

[3]. S. Karekezi, W. Kithyoma, “Renewable energy in Africa: prospects and limits in Renewable energy development, The Workshop for African Energy Experts on Operationalizing the NEPAD energy Initiative”, vol. 1, pp. 1-30, 2-4 Jun. 2003. (Dakar, Senegal;: NEPAD Initiatives, In Collaboration with United Nations and Republic of Senegal. Retrieved 06 18, 2017, From https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/nepa dkarekezi.pdf)

[4]. T. Djiby-Racine, “Renewable decentralized in developing countries: appraisal from microgrids project in Senegal,” S. Direct, Ed., Renewable Energy, vol. 35, no. 8, pp. 1615-1623, Aug. 2010.

[5]. F. Christoph, “World Energy Scenarios: Composing energy futures to 2050,” World Energy Council. London, United Kingdom: World Energy Council, 2013.

A Generalized Multilevel Inverter Topology with Reduction of Total Standing Voltage

ABSTRACT:

This paper presents a new multilevel inverter topology with reduced active switches and total standing voltage. The proposed topology can generate a high number of voltage levels in the symmetric configuration. This topology intuitively generates positive and negative cycles without an additional H-bridge unit, which considerably reduces the total standing voltage of the inverter. A cascaded structure is developed from the proposed topology to create higher voltage levels. To show the novelty of the proposed topology, a thorough comparison between the available and the proposed topologies in terms of the number of switches, standing voltages, and dc-sources is presented. Furthermore, he power loss analysis is carried out for various load values. The feasibility of the proposed nine-level inverter is verified with simulation and experimental results.

KEYWORDS:

1.      Multilevel inverter

2.      Inverter

3.      Blocking voltage

4.      Cascaded structure

5.      Reduced power components

 SOFTWARE: MATLAB/SIMULINK

 CONCLUSION:

The proposed topology used lower number of power electronics components and reduced dc-sources. Further, the maximum voltage stress on the switch is reduced to 4Vdc for any number of voltage levels in symmetric configuration which is more suitable for medium voltage applications. The simulated and experimental results are presented for various load values. The sudden load changes and modulation index variations are applied to the proposed topology and it corresponding results are given. Further, the power loss and efficiency of propose topology presented for various load power. It is confirming that the proposed topology is more suitable various load changing applications like AC drives, grid connected PV system etc.

REFERENCES:

[1] S. A. Teston, M. Mezaroba, and C. Rech, “Anpc inverter with integrated secondary bidirectional dc port for ess connection,” IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, vol. 55, no. 6, pp. 7358–7367, 2019.

[2] Jing Huang and K. A. Corzine, “Extended operation of flying capacitor multilevel inverters,” IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 140–147, 2006.

[3] S. P. Gautam, “Novel h-bridge-based topology of multilevel inverter with reduced number of devices,” IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics, vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 2323–2332, 2019.

[4] S. A. A. Ibrahim, A. Palanimuthu, and M. A. J. Sathik, “Symmetric switched diode multilevel inverter structure with minimised switch count,” The Journal of Engineering, vol. 2017, no. 8, pp. 469–478, 2017.

[5] S. S. Lee, M. Sidorov, N. R. N. Idris, and Y. E. Heng, “A symmetrical cascaded compact-module multilevel inverter (ccm-mli) with pulsewidth modulation,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 65, no. 6, pp. 4631–4639, 2018.

IMPROVED FAULT RIDE THROUGH CAPABILITY OF DFIG BASED WIND TURBINES USING SYNCHRONOUS REFERENCE FRAME CONTROL BASED DYNAMIC VOLTAGE RESTORER

ABSTRACT:

Fault ride through(FRT) capability in wind turbines to maintain the grid stability during faults has be- come mandatory with the increasing grid penetration of wind energy .Doubly fed induction generator based wind turbine(DFIG-WT) is the most popularly utilized type of generator but highly susceptible to the voltage disturbances in grid. Dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) based external FRT capability improve mentis considered. Since DVR is capable of providing fast voltage sag mitigation during faults and can maintain the nominal operating conditions for DFIG-WT. The effectiveness of the DVR using Synchronous reference frame (SRF) control is investigated for FRT capability in DFIG-WT during both balanced and unbalanced fault conditions .The operation of DVR is confirmed using time-domain simulation in MATLAB/Simulinkusing1.5MWDFIG-WT.

KEYWORDS:

1.      Doubly fed induction generator (DFIG)

2.      Fault ride through (FRT)

3.      Low voltage ride through (LVRT)

4.      Dynamic voltage restorer (DVR)

5.      Synchronous reference frame (SRF) control

 SOFTWARE: MATLAB/SIMULINK

 CONCLUSION:

The FRT capability of wind turbines are essential with the growing integration of wind power in the grid and contribute to the reliable grid integration. There are several countries which have recently imposed the mandatory guidelines for FRT capability implementation in already installed and operating grid connected wind turbines. Therefore this paper investigates the performance of DVR with SRF control for the FRT capability of DFIG-WTs. The control performance is compared with Feed-forward control which is operated with the same synchronous reference frame. The performance of the controllers is compared for the voltage sag mitigation during balanced and unbalanced grid faults. The har- monic mitigation capability of DVR is also discussed. The com- parison of harmonic compensation of both controllers in terms of % THD shows that SRF control provides better performance. The performance comparison suggests that the operation of DVR is suitable for FRT capability as per grid code standards imposed globally. Simulation results show better performance of DVR with SRF control for improving the FRT capability of DFIG-WT.

REFERENCES:

[1] LiYW, Blaabjerg F, VilathgamuwaDM,Loh PC. Design and comparison of high performance stationary-frame controllers for DVR implementation. IEEE Trans PowerElectron2007;22:602–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2006.890002.

[2] JadhavHT,RoyR.A comprehensive review on the grid integration of doubly fed induction generator.IntJElectrPowerEnergySyst2013;49:8–18. http://dx.doi. org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2012.11.020.

[3] Sorensen P,UnnikrishnanA K,Mathew SA.Wind farms connected to weak grids inIndia.WindEnergy2001;4:137–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/we.52.

[4] XuL,WangY.Dynamic modeling and control of DFIG-based wind turbines under unbalancednetworkconditions.IEEETransPowerSyst2007;22 :314– 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TPWRS.2006.889113.

[5]Singh B, Singh SN. Development of grid connection requirements for wind power generators in India. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 2011;15: 1669–74.

http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1016/j.rser.2010.11.026.

 

Compact Regenerative Braking Scheme For A PM BLDC Motor Driven Electric Two-Wheeler

 ABSTRACT:

Regenerative method of braking of an electric vehicle (EV) helps in efficient utilization of the battery power to increase the range of the vehicle. Methods described in literature for the regeneration use complex control algorithms to deal with the energy flow during the transition from the motoring mode to the regenerative braking mode of PM BLDC motor driven EV. In this paper, a simple method to control the power flow from the motor to the battery by changing the switching sequence given to the inverter used in the PM BLDC motor drive is presented. The newly presented method gives lower braking time and higher regeneration, and also does not necessitate any additional converters or ultra-capacitors.

KEYWORDS:

1.      Electric two wheeler

2.      Electric vehicle (EV)

3.      Hub motor

4.      Motor

5.      PM BLDC Motor

6.      Regenerative braking

SOFTWARE: MATLAB/SIMULINK

CONCLUSION:

The line back-EMF based regeneration method presented in this paper delivers far better performance than the mechanical braking in two-wheeler EVs also. Further, the presented method is the simplest one among the known regenerative methods in terms of the simplicity of the system, ease of implementation and also the higher braking torque developed. In this method, a noticeable power is fed back to the battery. The range of the EV is obviously increased.

REFERENCES:

 

[1] J. W. Dixon, and M. E. Ortlizar, “Ultracapacitors + DC–DC Converters in Regenerative Braking System,” IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems magazine, Vol. 17, No. 8, pp. 16–21, August 2002.

[2] J. Cao, B. Cao, Z. Bai and W. Chen,” Energy regenerative Fuzzy Sliding mode Controller design for Ultra capacitor –Battery Hybrid Power Electric Vehicle,” Proceedings of the IEEE Int. Conf. on Mechatronics and Automation, , pp. 1570–1575, August 2007.

[3] J. Cao and B. Cao,”Fuzzy-logic - Based Sliding Mode Controller Design for Position -Sensorless Electric vehicle,” IEEE Trans.Power Electron. vol. 24, no. 10, pp. 2368-- 2378, October 2009.

[4] M. Ye, Z. F. Bai, and B. Cao, “Robust H2/Infinity Control for Regenerative Braking of Electric Vehicles,” Proceedings of the IEEE Int. Conf. on Control and Automation, pp. 1366–1370, May/June 2007

[5] J. Cao, B. Cao, Z. Bai and P. Xu , ” Regenerative – Braking Sliding mode Control of Electric Vehicle based on Neural network Identification,” Proceedings of the IEEE Int. Conf. on Advanced  Intelligent Mechatronics, pp. 1219–1224, July 2008.

Performance Analysis of Solar PV array and Battery Integrated Unified Power Quality Conditioner for Microgrid Systems

 ABSTRACT:

In this work, a methodology for implementation of an automated transition of a solar PV array and battery integrated unified power quality conditioner (PV-BUPQC) between standalone and grid connected modes of operation is presented and analyzed. This system consists of a shunt and series active filters connected back to back with a common DC-link. The system addresses the issue of the integrating power quality improvement along with the generation of clean energy. Moreover, due to the automated transition, the critical loads have continuous power supply irrespective of grid availability. The key challenges addressed are implementation of automated transition in a PV-B-UPQC system with minimal disturbance to the local loads. The system operation is validated through experimentation under a number of dynamic conditions such as automated transition, supply voltage variations, unavailability of the grid, variation in solar power generation, load variation, etc., which are typically encountered in a modern distribution network.

KEYWORDS:

1.      Power quality

2.      Unified power quality conditioner

3.      Solar PV Generation

4.      Battery energy storage

5.      Automated transition

6.      Constant power generation

SOFTWARE: MATLAB/SIMULINK

CONCLUSION:

The design and performance of solar PV and battery integrated UPQC have been presented in this work. Due to the presence of energy storage in form of battery bank, the system operates in standalone mode of operation whenever grid is not available thus maintaining continuity of power supply to critical loads. Moreover, the system mitigates power fluctuations occurring in PV power generation due to weather conditions, thus enabling smooth power generation. This leads to increased stability of the overall system. The behavior of the system under steay state has been found satisfactory and the PCC currents meet the THD limits prescribed in the IEEE-519 standard.

The response of the PV-B-UPQC has been extensively evaluated under both standalone and grid connected modes of operation. The response of PV-B UPQC is found satisfactory under various conditions of irradiation variation, load unbalance and sags/swells in PCC voltage. Under all these disturbance conditions, the PV-B-UPQC is able to feed constant power into distribution network. The system automatically changes from the grid-tied operation to islanded operation and vice versa with minimal disturbance to the sensitive and critical load. The three wire PV-B-UPQC is suitable for the systems with operating with sensitive and critical load such as in data centers, hospitals, factories where uninterrupted power supply is of prime importance. The integration of battery and renewable energy, enables minimum dependence on the grid for power demand while the surplus PV power can support the grid by giving power to nearby loads at PCC.

REFERENCES:

[1] S. Singh, B. Singh, G. Bhuvaneswari, and V. Bist, “A power quality improved bridgeless converter-based computer power supply,” IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, vol. 52, no. 5, pp. 4385–4394, Sep. 2016

[2] A. K. Giri, S. R. Arya, and R. Maurya, “Compensation of power quality problems in wind-based renewable energy system for small consumer as isolated loads,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 66, no. 11, pp. 9023–9031, Nov. 2019.

[3] N. Saxena, I. Hussain, B. Singh, and A. L. Vyas, “Implementation of a grid-integrated pv-battery system for residential and electrical vehicle applications,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 65, no. 8, pp. 6592–6601, Aug. 2018.

[4] S. Roy Ghatak, S. Sannigrahi, and P. Acharjee, “Multi-objective approach for strategic incorporation of solar energy source, battery storage system, and dstatcom in a smart grid environment,” IEEE Systems Journal, vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 3038–3049, Sep. 2019.

[5] K. K. Prasad, H. Myneni, and G. S. Kumar, “Power quality improvement and pv power injection by dstatcom with variable dc link voltage control from rsc-mlc,” IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 876–885, Apr. 2019.

Active Power Filter for Harmonic Mitigation of Power Quality Issues in Grid Integrated Photovoltaic Generation System

 ABSTRACT:

 

Single phase supply scheme tied with Photovoltaic arrangement (PV) employed on perturbed & observed (P&O) maximum energy point tracking technique with shunt active power filter allied to a rectifier feed R-L nonlinear load. The traditional Perturbed & Observed technique maximum energy point tracking topology is applied to attained maximum output power from Photovoltaic array(PVA), Proportional Integral conventional controller with phase detector (PD) phase locked loop (PLL) synchronization are executed to produce reference current. It provide at control unit of pulse width modulation topology( PWM) is utilized in inverter to get steady output voltage. Self supported DC bus PWM converter is regulated from PV array. In proposed architecture is minimized total harmonic pollution existing in supply current owing to power electronic load (PEL). Total current harmonic pollution (THDi) is compensated using dynamic filter shunt active power filter (SAPF) and power factor obtain better later than compensation. Hence, reactive power (KVAR) is delivered through system decrease and active power (KW) enhance. The suggested scheme has been implemented by way of MATLAB/SIMULINK 2015(a) environment.

KEYWORDS:

 

1.      Shunt Active Power Filter (SAPF)

2.      Photovoltaic Array (PVA)

3.      Proportional Integral controller

4.      Pulse width Modulated (PWM) Converter

5.      Maximum Power Point Tracking (P & O) Scheme

 

SOFTWARE: MATLAB/SIMULINK

 CONCLUSION:

In this research paper SAPF based on phase detector circuit (PLL) for unit vector generation with traditional PI controller is implemented. This controller regulates DC side voltage, reference current generated by PI conventional controller and positive progression predictor PLL synchronization unit. Hystersis band current control (HBCC) is employed to produce gate signal for voltage source inverter (VSI). The source current THD is abridged to fewer than 5% that is in accordance IEEE-519 standards for harmonic. Active power is improved by dynamic filtering using SAPF and decrease in reactive power consequently, power factor level is become finer.

REFERENCES:

[1] M. Singh, V. Khadkikar, A. Chandra, and R. K. Varma,“Grid Interconnection of Renewable Energy Sources at the Distribution Level With Power-Quality Improvement Features” IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, vol. 26, no. 1, January 2011.

[2] S. Agrawal, Seemant Chorsiya, D.K Palwalia, “Hybrid Energy Management System design with Renewable Energy Sources (Fuel Cells, PV Cells and Wind Energy): A Review”, IJSET, vol. 6, no. 3, pp.174-177, 2018. DOI : 10.5958/2277 1581.2017.00104.8.

[3] M. G. Villalva, J. R. Gazoli and E. R. Filho, “Modeling and circuit based simulation of photovoltaic arrays”, Brazilian Power Electronics Conference, Bonito-Mato Grosso do Sul, pp. 1244-1254, 2009.

[4] S. Agrawal and D. K. Palwalia, “Analysis of standalone hybrid PVSOFC-  battery generation system based on shunt hybrid active power filter for harmonics mitigation.” IEEE Power India International Conference (PIICON) pp. 1-6, 2016.

[5] M. M. Hashempour, M. Savaghebi, J. C. Vasquez and J. M. Guerrero, “A Control Architecture to Coordinate Distributed Generators and Active Power Filters Coexisting in a Microgrid”, IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, vol. 7, no. 5, pp. 2325-2336, Sept. 2016.

 

Compact Regenerative Braking Scheme for a PM BLDC Motor Driven Electric Two-Wheeler

ABSTRACT:

 Regenerative method of braking of an electric vehicle (EV) helps in efficient utilization of the battery power to increase the range of the vehicle. Methods described in literature for the regeneration use complex control algorithms to deal with the energy flow during the transition from the motoring mode to the regenerative braking mode of PM BLDC motor driven EV. In this paper, a simple method to control the power flow from the motor to the battery by changing the switching sequence given to the inverter used in the PM BLDC motor drive is presented. The newly presented method gives lower braking time and higher regeneration, and also does not necessitate any additional converters or ultra-capacitors.

KEYWORDS:

1.      Electric two wheeler

2.      Electric vehicle (EV)

3.       Hub motor

4.      Motor

5.      PM BLDC Motor

6.      Regenerative braking

 SOFTWARE: MATLAB/SIMULINK

 CONCLUSION:

The line back-EMF based regeneration method presented in this paper delivers far better performance than the mechanical braking in two-wheeler EVs also. Further, the presented method is the simplest one among the known regenerative methods in terms of the simplicity of the system, ease of implementation and also the higher braking torque developed. In this method, a noticeable power is fed back to the battery. The range of the EV is obviously increased.

 REFERENCES:

[1] J. W. Dixon, and M. E. Ortlizar, “Ultracapacitors + DC–DC Converters in Regenerative Braking System,” IEEE Aerospace andElectronic Systems magazine, Vol. 17, No. 8, pp. 16–21, August 2002.

[2] J. Cao, B. Cao, Z. Bai and W. Chen,” Energy regenerative Fuzzy Sliding mode Controller design for Ultra capacitor –Battery Hybrid Power Electric Vehicle,” Proceedings of the IEEE Int. Conf. on Mechatronics and Automation, , pp. 1570–1575, August 2007.

[3] J. Cao and B. Cao,”Fuzzy-logic - Based Sliding Mode Controller Design for Position -Sensorless Electric vehicle,” IEEE Trans.Power Electron. vol. 24, no. 10, pp. 2368-- 2378, October 2009.

[4] M. Ye, Z. F. Bai, and B. Cao, “Robust H2/Infinity Control for Regenerative Braking of Electric Vehicles,” Proceedings of the IEEE Int. Conf. on Control and Automation, pp. 1366–1370, May/June 2007

[5] J. Cao, B. Cao, Z. Bai and P. Xu , ” Regenerative – Braking Sliding mode Control of Electric Vehicle based on Neural network Identification,” Proceedings of the IEEE Int. Conf. on Advanced Intelligent Mechatronics, pp. 1219–1224, July 2008.