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Thursday 16 January 2020

Design of Speed Control and Reduction of Torque Ripple Factor in BLdc Motor Using Spider Based Controller



ABSTRACT:
It is a very difficult process to achieve smooth drivers for the motor operating under variable speed mode. In brushless direct current motor (BLdc) when back electromotive force waveform is of trapezoidal type, the developed torque is constant in ideal conditions. However, practically, torque ripple is present in  the output torque because of the physical design of the motor and its parameters. Also, the produced ripples are associated with the control and driver side of the motor. In the previous literature, the drive without a dc-link capacitor is presented but the torque ripple reduction is not effective. Hence in another work, the usage of the small capacitor is recommended and the results are improved. In this work, the quick stabilization with torque ripple reduction is presented using a bio-inspired algorithm-based technique in a BLdc motor drive. A Spider based controller is built to generate the pulse width modulation signals applied to the inverter and the control signal applied to the capacitor. The effect of utilizing small dc-link capacitor, on the torque ripple reduction and speed control is investigated. The performance is also compared with the case of large capacitor utilization and without a capacitor case. The proposed control strategy is verified experimentally by implementing with dsPIC30F4011 and the hardware circuit.
KEYWORDS:
1.      Brushless direct current (BLdc) motor
2.      Dc-link capacitor
3.      PWM sequence
4.      Spider based controller
5.      Spider web construction
SOFTWARE: MATLAB/SIMULINK
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:





Fig. 1. Proposed technique for torque ripple compensation.

 EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS:



 Fig. 2. im compensation. (a) Im (A) - without capacitor. (b) Im (A) - with
capacitor. (c) Im (A) - with small capacitor. (d) Im (A) - with spider.





Fig. 3. Torque comparison. (a) Torque (Nm) - without capacitor. (b) Torque  (Nm) - with capacitor. (c) Torque (Nm) - with small capacitor. (d) Torque (Nm) - with spider.



 Fig. 4. Speed comparison. (a) RPM (speed) - without capacitor. (b) RPM (speed) - with capacitor. (c) RPM (speed) - with small capacitor. (d) RPM  (speed) - with spider.

CONCLUSION:
The method of designing a three-phase BLdc motor drive by using a single-phase voltage source is presented with the intention of employing small dc-link capacitor. In addition, the strategy for reducing torque ripple concern which is generally presenting in BLdc motor is considered in the work. The mathematical equations are developed to determine the capacitor rating and the parameters are set in the simulation to validate the theoretical results. The utilization of a small dc-link capacitor is evaluated by assessing the torque compensation waveform and current compensation  waveform with the capacitor-less case and large capacitor case. Besides, the application of spider web building algorithm in generating the necessary switching control pulses are observed by comparing waveforms with the utilization of fuzzy based control algorithm also with the capacitor and without capacitor case. The utilization of spider web-based control algorithm to develop the control pulses make the system to  be more stabilized with respect to its speed. Though the scheme has a switch and a small capacitor as additional components, the total price of the drive is reduced. Similarly, the control process used for the switches is simple, extra components are not used.  When the large capacitors are used, the motor reliability is reduced since the large capacitors are rated for the small period only. In addition, the simulation results are validated by designing the corresponding hardware using dsPIC30F4011 and the simulation results are validated.
REFERENCES:
[1] H. Le-Huy, R. Perret, and R. Feuillet, “Minimization of torque ripple in brushless DC motor drives,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., vol. IA-22, no. 4,  pp. 748–755, Jul. 1986.
[2] J. Y. Hung, and Z. Ding, “Design of currents to reduce torque ripple in brushless permanent magnet motors,” IEE Proc. B (Electric Power Appl.), vol. 140, no. 4, pp. 260–266, 1993.
[3] E. Favre, L. Cardoletti, and M. Jufer, “Permanent-magnet synchronous motors: A comprehensive approach to cogging torque suppression,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., vol. 29, no. 6, pp. 1141–1149, Nov./Dec. 1993.
[4] D. C. Hanselman, “Minimum torque ripple, maximum efficiency excitation of brushless permanent magnet motors,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 41, no. 3, pp. 292–300, Jun. 1994.
[5] Z. Q. Zhu, L. J.Wu, and M. L. Mohd Jamil, “Distortion of back-EMF and torque of PM brushless machines due to eccentricity,” IEEE Trans. Magn. vol. 49, no. 8, pp. 4927–4936, Aug. 2013.