ABSTRACT:
Nowadays,
there is a great development in electric vehicle production and utilization. It
has no pollution, high efficiency, low noise, and low maintenance. However, the
charging stations, required to charge the electric vehicle batteries, impose
high energy demand on the utility grid. One way to overcome the stress on the
grid is the utilization of renewable energy sources such as
photovoltaic
energy. The utilization of standalone charging stations represents good support
to the utility grid. Nevertheless, the electrical design of these systems has
different techniques and is sometimes complex. This paper introduces a new
simple analysis and design of a standalone charging station powered by
photovoltaic energy. Simple closed-form design equations are derived, for all
the system components. Case-study design calculations are presented for the proposed
charging station. Then, the system is modeled and simulated using
Matlab/Simulink platform. Furthermore, an experimental setup is built to verify
the system physically. The experimental and simulation results of the proposed
system are matched with the design calculations. The results show that the
charging process of the electric vehicle battery is precisely steady for all
the PV insolation disturbances. In addition, the charging/discharging of the
energy storage battery responds perfectly to store and compensate for PV energy
variations.
KEYWORDS:
1. Electric
vehicle
2. Charging
station;
3. Photovoltaic
4. Maximum
power point tracking
SOFTWARE: MATLAB/SIMULINK
CONCLUSION:
An isolated EV charging station based on a PV energy source is proposed. The system consists of PV panel, boost converter, ESS batteries, two DC/DC charging converters, and an EV battery. The control system consists of three controllers named the MPPT, the EV charger, and the storage converter controller. PI voltage and current controllers are adapted to control charging/discharging of the ESS system and the EV charger as well. The system is simulated and implemented physically. A single-chip PIC18F4550 microcontroller is utilized to realize the system controllers. New simple energy and power analyses procedure has been introduced. Hence, closed-form equations have been derived to help in the design phase. Complete design of the system, including the ESS size, the PV rating, and the filter components, has been proposed. Simulation and experimental results are very close and verify the effectiveness of the proposed system. At different insolation levels, the results show that the charging process of the EV battery is steady without any disturbance. However, the charging/discharging of the ESS battery responds perfectly to store and compensate for PV energy variations. The current and voltage controllers of the converters give good responses and track their references well. In addition, the MPPT controller tracks the peak conditions of the PV precisely.
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