Vehicle-To-Grid Technology in a Micro-grid Using DC Fast Charging Architecture

ABSTRACT:

 Electric Vehicle (EV) batteries can be utilized as potential energy storage devices in micro-grids. They can help in micro-grid energy management by storing energy when there is surplus (Grid-To-Vehicle, G2V) and supplying energy back to the grid (Vehicle-To-Grid, V2G) when there is demand for it. Proper infrastructure and control systems have to be developed in order to realize this concept. Architecture for implementing a V2G-G2V system in a micro-grid using level-3 fast chargingof EVs is presented in this paper. A micro-grid test system is modeled which has a dc fast charging station for interfacing the EVs. Simulation studies are carried out to demonstrate V2G-G2V power transfer. Test results show active power regulation in the micro-grid by EV batteries through G2V-V2G modes of operation. The charging station design ensures minimal harmonic distortion of grid injected current and the controller gives good dynamic performance in terms of dc bus voltage stability.

KEYWORDS:

1.      DC fast charging

2.      Electric vehicle

3.      Grid connected inverter

4.      Micro-grid

5.      Off-board charger

6.      Vehicle-to-grid

SOFTWARE: MATLAB/SIMULINK

 BLOCK DIAGRAM:

 

 Fig. 1. EV charging station for fast dc charging

 EXPECTED SIMULATION RESULTS:

 

Fig. 2. Voltage, current, and SOC of EV1 battery during V2G operation

Fig. 3. Voltage, current, and SOC of EV2 battery during G2V operation

 

Fig. 4. Active power profile of various components in the system

 

Fig. 5. Reference current tracking by inverter controller

 

Fig. 6. Grid voltage and grid injected current during V2G-G2V operation

 

Fig. 7. Harmonic spectrum and THD of grid-injected current

 CONCLUSION:

Modeling and design of a V2G system in a micro-grid using dc fast charging architecture is presented in this paper. A dc fast charging station with off-board chargers and a grid connected inverter is designed to interface EVs to the micro- grid. The control system designed for this power electronic interface allows bi-directional power transfer between EVs and the grid. The simulation results show a smooth power transfer between the EVs and the grid, and the quality of grid injected current from the EVs adheres to the relevant standards. The designed controller gives good dynamic performance in terms of dc bus voltage stability and in tracking the changed active power reference. Active power regulation aspects of the micro grid are considered in this work, and the proposed V2G system can be utilized for several other services like reactive, power control and frequency regulation. Design of a supervisory controller which gives command signals to the individual EV charger controllers is suggested for future research.

REFERENCES:

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