ABSTRACT:
Modular
multilevel converter (MMC) is one of the most promising topologies for medium
to high-voltage, high power applications. The main features of MMC are
modularity, voltage and power scalability, fault tolerant and transformer-less operation,
and high-quality output waveforms. Over the past few years, several research
studies are conducted to address the technical challenges associated with the
operation and control of the MMC. This paper presents the development of MMC
circuit topologies and their mathematical models over the years. Also, the
evolution and technical challenges of the classical and model predictive
control methods are discussed. Finally, the MMC applications and their future
trends are presented.
KEYWORDS:
1. Capacitor voltage ripple
2. Circulating currents
3. High-power converters
4. High-voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission
5. Medium-voltage motor drive
6. Model predictive control
7. Modular multilevel converters
8. Multilevel
converters
9. Power quality
10. Pulse width modulation
11. Submodule capacitor voltage control
SOFTWARE: MATLAB/SIMULINK
CONCLUSION:
The attractive features of the modular
multilevel converter (MMC) played a key role in the development of new HVDC
transmission systems, medium-voltage motor drives, and power quality
improvement technologies. These technologies are commercialized by various
leading industrial manufacturers such as GE, Alstom, ABB, Siemens, and C-EPRI. Depending
on the application, the MMC has several technical issues such as circulating
currents, capacitor voltage ripple, and DC-bus faults. Also, a complex control
system is required to meet the several control objectives of an MMC. The past few
years, numerous studies are conducted to understand the behavior of the MMC,
and resulting in new topologies, mathematical models, and control schemes. This
paper presents a review of the recent developments in the MMC in terms of the
submodule configurations, mathematical models, pulse width modulation schemes,
classical control schemes, and high-performance model predictive control
methods. Also, the state-of-the-art and emerging technologies in modular multilevel
converters are discussed. Finally, the list of commercial applications based on
the MMC, and their technical details are provided.
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